📋 By the end of this lesson:📋 Mwishoni mwa somo:📋 Lesson hii ikisha:
Define UTIs and identify the parts of the urinary tract they affectFafanua UTI na tambua sehemu za njia ya mkojo zinazoathiriwaDefine UTIs na identify sehemu za urinary tract zinazoathiriwa
Recognise UTI symptoms and know when to seek urgent careTambua dalili za UTI na ujue wakati wa kutafuta huduma ya harakaRecognise UTI symptoms na ujue wakati wa kutafuta urgent care
Practise daily prevention habits to reduce UTI riskFanya tabia za kila siku za kinga kupunguza hatari ya UTIPractise daily prevention habits kupunguza UTI risk
Explain correct antibiotic use and challenge UTI mythsEleza matumizi sahihi ya antibiotiki na pinga hadithi za UTIEleza correct antibiotic use na pinga UTI myths
🔍 Big Question: How can understanding a simple infection like a UTI teach you about the importance of acting early and not being embarrassed about your body?🔍 Swali Kubwa: Kuelewa maambukizi rahisi kama UTI kunaweza kukufundisha nini kuhusu umuhimu wa kutenda mapema na kutokuaibishwa na mwili wako?🔍 Big Question: Kuelewa simple infection kama UTI kunaweza kukufundisha nini kuhusu umuhimu wa kutenda mapema na kutokuaibishwa na mwili wako?
🔬 What Is a UTI?UTI ni Nini?UTI ni Nini?
A UTI is one of the most common bacterial infections worldwide — and one of the most preventable. Understanding it protects your health.UTI ni mojawapo ya maambukizi ya bakteria ya kawaida zaidi duniani — na mojawapo ya yanayoweza kuzuiwa zaidi. Kuelewa kunalinda afya yako.UTI ni mojawapo ya bacterial infections za kawaida zaidi duniani — na mojawapo ya yanayoweza kuzuiwa zaidi. Kuelewa kunalinda health yako.
🔑 UTI🔑 UTI🔑 UTIUrinary Tract Infection — a bacterial infection of the urinary system (urethra, bladder, ureters, or kidneys). Most are caused by E. coli bacteria from the bowel.Maambukizi ya Njia ya Mkojo — maambukizi ya bakteria ya mfumo wa mkojo (urethra, kibofu, ureters, au figo). Mengi yanasababishwa na bakteria ya E. coli kutoka utumbo.Urinary Tract Infection — bacterial infection ya urinary system (urethra, bladder, ureters, au kidneys). Mengi yanasababishwa na E. coli bacteria kutoka utumbo.
Part of Urinary Tract ENSehemu ya Njia ya Mkojo SWSehemu ya Urinary Tract SH
Infection Name ENJina la Maambukizi SWJina la Maambukizi SH
Severity ENUkali SWUkali SH
UrethraUrethraUrethra
UrethritisUrethritisUrethritis
MildKidogoMild
BladderKibofuBladder
Cystitis (most common UTI)Cystitis (UTI ya kawaida zaidi)Cystitis (most common UTI)
Pyelonephritis — DANGEROUSPyelonephritis — HATARIPyelonephritis — HATARI
Severe — needs urgent careKali — inahitaji huduma ya harakaKali — inahitaji urgent care
🇰🇪 Kenya Fact
UTI ni mojawapo ya sababu za kawaida zaidi za vijana wanawake kutembelea kliniki Kenya. Mengi yanaweza kuzuiwa kwa maji ya kutosha na usafi mzuri — bila gharama.UTI ni mojawapo ya sababu za kawaida za vijana wanawake kutembelea kliniki Kenya. Maji ya kutosha na usafi mzuri vinazuia mengi.UTI ni mojawapo ya common zaidi sababu za teenage girls kutembelea clinic Kenya. Mengi yanaweza kuzuiwa kwa adequate hydration na good hygiene — bila gharama.
⚠️ Symptoms & Warning SignsDalili na Ishara za OnyoDalili na Warning Signs
Recognising UTI symptoms early prevents serious complications.Kutambua dalili za UTI mapema kunazuia matatizo makubwa.Kutambua UTI symptoms mapema kunazuia serious complications.
Painful burning or stinging when passing urineKuungua au kuuma kwa uchungu unapokojoaPainful burning au stinging unapokojoa
Start hydrating; see nurse if persistsAnza kunywa maji; muone muuguzi ikiendeleaAnza hydration; muone nurse ikiendelea
Frequent urgeHamu ya mara kwa maraFrequent urge
Feeling the need to urinate every few minutes even after goingKuhisi haja ya kukojoa kila dakika chache hata baada ya kwendaKuhisi haja ya kukojoa kila dakika chache hata baada ya kwenda
See a healthcare providerMuone mtoa huduma wa afyaMuone healthcare provider
Cloudy/bloody urineMkojo wenye mawingu/damuCloudy/bloody urine
Urine looks murky, pink, or redMkojo unaonekana wenye mawingu, waridi, au nyekunduMkojo unaonekana murky, pink, au nyekundu
See a healthcare provider todayMuone mtoa huduma leoMuone healthcare provider leo
Pelvic/back painMaumivu ya nyonga/mgongoMaumivu ya pelvic/mgongo
Lower abdominal or lower back painMaumivu ya tumbo la chini au mgongo wa chiniMaumivu ya lower abdominal au lower back
Could indicate kidney involvement — see doctorInaweza kuonyesha figo — muone daktariInaweza kuonyesha kidneys — muone daktari
Fever + back painHoma + maumivu ya mgongoFever + back pain
High fever with severe flank/back painHoma kali na maumivu makali ya mbavu/mgongoHigh fever na severe flank/back pain
URGENT — go to hospital (kidney infection)HARAKA — nenda hospitali (maambukizi ya figo)URGENT — nenda hospital (kidney infection)
⚠️ Do NOT ignore⚠️ Usipuuze⚠️ Do NOT Ignore A burning sensation when urinating that lasts more than a day should NEVER be ignored. UTIs do not go away on their own — they can ascend to the kidneys and become life-threatening within days. Hisia ya kuungua unapokojoa inayodumu zaidi ya siku moja HAIFAI KAMWE kupuuzwa. UTI hazendi zenyewe — zinaweza kupanda kwenye figo na kuwa hatari kwa maisha ndani ya siku chache. Burning sensation unapokojoa inayodumu zaidi ya siku moja HAIFAI KAMWE kupuuzwa. UTIs hazendi zenyewe — zinaweza kupanda kwenye kidneys na kuwa life-threatening ndani ya siku chache.
🛡️ Prevention — Daily HabitsKinga — Tabia za Kila SikuPrevention — Daily Habits
Most UTIs are preventable with simple, free daily habits. Start today.UTI nyingi zinazuiwa na tabia rahisi, za bure za kila siku. Anza leo.UTI nyingi zinazuiwa na simple, free daily habits. Anza leo.
💧 Drink at least 8 glasses of water daily — flushes bacteria from the urinary tract💧 Kunywa angalau glasi 8 za maji kila siku — hufusha bakteria kutoka njia ya mkojo💧 Kunywa angalau glasi 8 za maji kila siku — huflusha bacteria kutoka urinary tract
🚽 Urinate regularly — do not hold urine for long periods🚽 Kojoa mara kwa mara — usishikilie mkojo kwa muda mrefu🚽 Kojoa mara kwa mara — usishikilie urine kwa muda mrefu
🧻 Wipe front to back ALWAYS after using the toilet (girls)🧻 Futa mbele kwenda nyuma DAIMA baada ya kutumia choo (wasichana)🧻 Futa front to back DAIMA baada ya kutumia choo (wasichana)
🩸 Change pads/tampons every 4–6 hours during menstruation🩸 Badilisha pedi/tamponi kila masaa 4–6 wakati wa hedhi🩸 Badilisha pads/tampons kila hours 4–6 wakati wa menstruation
🧼 Clean the genital area gently with water (no harsh soaps inside)🧼 Safisha eneo la sehemu za siri kwa upole na maji (bila sabuni kali ndani)🧼 Safisha genital area kwa upole na maji (bila harsh soaps ndani)
💡 Hydration Tip💡 Kidokezo cha Maji💡 Hydration Tip Pale/light yellow urine = well hydrated. Dark yellow = drink more water. Colourless = fine. If your urine is consistently dark, you are likely not drinking enough. Mkojo wa rangi ya njano hafifu = umnywa maji ya kutosha. Njano iliyokolea = nywa maji zaidi. Isiyo na rangi = sawa. Mkojo wako ukiwa mara kwa mara giza, labda hunywei maji ya kutosha. Pale yellow urine = hydrated vizuri. Dark yellow = nywa maji zaidi. Colourless = fine. Mkojo wako ukiwa consistently giza, labda hunywei enough.
🏥 Treatment & When to See a DoctorMatibabu na Wakati wa Kuona DaktariTreatment & When to See a Doctor
A UTI requires medical treatment — home remedies alone are not enough.UTI inahitaji matibabu ya kimatibabu — tiba za nyumbani peke yake hazitoshi.UTI inahitaji medical treatment — home remedies peke yake hazitoshi.
Stage ENHatua SWHatua SH
Action ENHatua SWHatua SH
Mild symptoms, first dayDalili ndogo, siku ya kwanzaMild symptoms, siku ya kwanza
Increase water intake, urinate often, avoid caffeine/sugary drinksOngeza maji, kojoa mara kwa mara, epuka kafeini/vinywaji vya sukariOngeza maji, kojoa mara kwa mara, epuka caffeine/sugary drinks
Symptoms persist beyond 24 hoursDalili zinaendelea zaidi ya saa 24Symptoms zinaendelea zaidi ya masaa 24
See a nurse or doctor — urine test and antibiotics if neededMuone muuguzi au daktari — kipimo cha mkojo na antibiotiki ikihitajikaMuone nurse au daktari — urine test na antibiotics ikihitajika
Fever + severe back painHoma + maumivu makali ya mgongoFever + severe back pain
GO TO HOSPITAL TODAY — possible kidney infectionNENDA HOSPITALI LEO — maambukizi ya figo yanawezekanaNENDA HOSPITALI LEO — possible kidney infection
Recurrent UTIs (3+ per year)UTI zinazorudi (3+ kwa mwaka)Recurrent UTIs (3+ per mwaka)
Specialist investigation — rule out underlying conditionsUchunguzi wa mtaalamu — ondoa hali za msingiSpecialist investigation — rule out underlying conditions
🔑 Antibiotic Resistance🔑 Upinzani wa Antibiotiki🔑 Antibiotic ResistanceWhen you stop antibiotics early, surviving bacteria multiply and become resistant — making future UTIs much harder to treat. ALWAYS complete the full course.Ukisimama antibiotiki mapema, bakteria wanaosalia wanakuwa na upinzani — kufanya UTI za baadaye kuwa ngumu sana kutibu. DAIMA kamilisha kozi yote.Ukisimama antibiotics mapema, bacteria wanaosalia wanakuwa resistant — kufanya future UTIs kuwa ngumu sana kutibu. DAIMA kamilisha full course.
🇰🇪 Zawadi's Story — KisumuHadithi ya Zawadi — KisumuZawadi's Story — KisumuZawadi, 15, ignored a burning sensation for a week, thinking it would pass. By day 7 she had high fever and severe back pain. She was hospitalised for 3 days with a kidney infection. Her doctor said: 'If you had come on day 1, a 3-day antibiotic course would have fixed it.' She now tells every girl: never ignore the burn.Zawadi, miaka 15, alipuuza hisia ya kuungua kwa wiki moja, akifikiri itaisha. Kufikia siku ya 7 alikuwa na homa kali na maumivu makali ya mgongo. Alilazwa hospitali kwa siku 3 na maambukizi ya figo. Daktari wake alisema: 'Kama ungekuja siku ya 1, kozi ya antibiotiki ya siku 3 ingetibu.' Sasa anamwambia kila msichana: kamwe usipuuze hisia ya kuungua.Zawadi, miaka 15, alipuuza burning sensation kwa wiki moja, akifikiri itaisha. Kufikia siku ya 7 alikuwa na high fever na severe back pain. Alilazwa hospitali kwa siku 3 na kidney infection. Daktari wake alisema: 'Kama ungekuja siku ya 1, 3-day antibiotic course ingetibu.' Sasa anamwambia kila msichana: never ignore the burn.
🎬 Module VideoVideo ya ModuliModule Video
Watch carefully, then continue to the scenarios.Tazama kwa makini, kisha endelea.Watch kwa makini, kisha endelea.
🎬
Module Video
Your teacher will upload this video.Mwalimu wako ataipakia.Teacher wako ataupload.
📁 /uploads/media/utis.mp4
🎭 Real Talk — What Would You Do?Mazungumzo ya KweliReal Talk — Ungefanya Nini?
Pick your choice and see the consequence.Chagua na uone matokeo.Chagua yako uone consequence.
Amina, 14, Mombasa, tells her friend she has been experiencing a burning sensation when urinating for two days. Her friend says 'just drink lemon juice and it will go away — my mum uses that.'Amina, miaka 14, Mombasa, anamwambia rafiki yake amekuwa anapata hisia ya kuungua anapokojoa kwa siku mbili. Rafiki yake anasema 'tu nywa maji ya ndimu na itaisha — mama yangu hutumia hivyo.'Amina, miaka 14, Mombasa, anamwambia friend yake amekuwa anapata burning sensation anapokojoa kwa siku mbili. Friend yake anasema 'nywa tu lemon juice na itaisha — mama yangu hutumia hivyo.'
What is the correct advice?Ushauri sahihi ni upi?Correct advice ni ipi?
Lemon juice does not treat bacterial UTIs. Two days of symptoms means the infection is established. Waiting longer risks the bacteria spreading to the kidneys — a much more serious and costly infection to treat.Maji ya ndimu hayatibu UTI za bakteria. Dalili za siku mbili zinamaanisha maambukizi yamejisimamisha. Kusubiri zaidi kunahatarisha bakteria kusambaa kwenye figo — maambukizi yanayotibiwa kwa gharama zaidi.Lemon juice haitibui bacterial UTIs. Siku mbili za symptoms inamaanisha infection imejisimamisha. Kusubiri zaidi kunahatarisha bacteria kusambaa kwenye kidneys — infection ambayo ni ngumu na expensive zaidi kutibu.
Amina saw the school nurse who did a urine dipstick test confirming a UTI. She was given a 3-day antibiotic course and extra water advice. By day 4 she was completely fine. The nurse told her: 'Coming on day 2 was exactly right — day 5 and it could have been your kidneys.' ✅Amina alimwona muuguzi wa shule aliyefanya kipimo cha mkojo na kuthibitisha UTI. Alipewa kozi ya antibiotiki ya siku 3 na ushauri wa maji zaidi. Kufikia siku ya 4 alikuwa sawa kabisa. Muuguzi alimwambia: 'Kuja siku ya 2 ilikuwa sahihi — siku ya 5 na ingekuwa figo zako.' ✅Amina alimwona school nurse aliyefanya urine dipstick test na kuthibitisha UTI. Alipewa 3-day antibiotic course na extra water advice. Kufikia siku ya 4 alikuwa fine kabisa. Nurse alimwambia: 'Kuja siku ya 2 ilikuwa exactly sahihi — siku ya 5 na ingekuwa kidneys zako.' ✅
Baraka, 15, Eastleigh, is prescribed a 7-day antibiotic course for a UTI. After 3 days he feels completely better and stops taking the antibiotics to 'save them for next time'.Baraka, miaka 15, Eastleigh, anaagizwa kozi ya antibiotiki ya siku 7 kwa UTI. Baada ya siku 3 anahisi vizuri kabisa na kuacha kuchukua antibiotiki 'kuzihifadhi kwa wakati ujao'.Baraka, miaka 15, Eastleigh, anaagizwa 7-day antibiotic course kwa UTI. Baada ya siku 3 anahisi vizuri kabisa na kuacha kuchukua antibiotics 'kuzihifadhi kwa next time'.
Is Baraka making a good decision?Je, Baraka anafanya uamuzi mzuri?Je, Baraka anafanya good decision?
Feeling better does not mean the infection is gone — it means the antibiotics are working. Stopping early leaves surviving bacteria that can multiply, return, and become resistant to that antibiotic. Baraka's 'saved' tablets are now dangerous.Kuhisi vizuri hakumaanishi maambukizi yameisha — kunamaanisha antibiotiki inafanya kazi. Kusimama mapema kunaacha bakteria wanaosalia wanaoweza kuongezeka, kurudi, na kuwa na upinzani dhidi ya antibiotiki hiyo. Vidonge vya Baraka vilivyohifadhiwa sasa ni hatari.Kuhisi vizuri hakumaanishi infection imeisha — kunamaanisha antibiotics inafanya kazi. Kusimama mapema kunaacha bacteria wanaosalia wanaoweza kuongezeka, kurudi, na kuwa resistant dhidi ya antibiotic hiyo. Baraka's 'saved' tablets sasa ni hatari.
Baraka completed his full 7-day course. His UTI cleared completely with no recurrence. His doctor explained: 'Antibiotics work like an army — stop halfway and the enemy regrows stronger.' Baraka shared this lesson with his football team. ✅Baraka alikamilisha kozi yake yote ya siku 7. UTI yake iliisha kabisa bila kurudi. Daktari wake alieleza: 'Antibiotiki zinafanya kazi kama jeshi — simama katikati na adui anakua mkali zaidi.' Baraka alishiriki somo hili na timu yake ya mpira wa miguu. ✅Baraka alikamilisha full 7-day course yake. UTI yake iliisha completely bila kurudi. Daktari wake alieleza: 'Antibiotics zinafanya kazi kama jeshi — simama katikati na adui anakua stronger.' Baraka alishiriki lesson hii na football team yake. ✅
🔍 Myths vs Facts About UTIsHadithi za Uongo dhidi ya Ukweli kuhusu UTIMyths vs Facts kuhusu UTIs
Dangerous myths about UTIs are common in Kenyan communities. Know the facts.Hadithi hatarishi za uongo kuhusu UTI ni za kawaida katika jamii za Kenya. Jua ukweli.Dangerous myths kuhusu UTIs ni common kwa Kenyan communities. Jua facts.
Myth ENHadithi SWMyth SH
Fact ENUkweli SWFact SH
UTIs are STIsUTI ni STIUTI ni STI
Most UTIs are NOT sexually transmitted — they are caused by bowel bacteriaUTI nyingi HAZIPITISHWI kingono — zinasababishwa na bakteria ya utumboUTI nyingi HAZIPITISHWI kingono — zinasababishwa na bowel bacteria
Only sexually active people get UTIsWatu wanaofanya ngono pekee hupata UTISexually active people pekee hupata UTI
Anyone can get a UTI — including children and the elderlyMtu yeyote anaweza kupata UTI — ikiwemo watoto na wazeeMtu yeyote anaweza pata UTI — ikiwemo watoto na wazee
Cranberry juice cures UTIsMaji ya cranberry hutibu UTICranberry juice hutibu UTIs
Cranberry may help prevent UTIs slightly but does NOT cure an existing infectionCranberry inaweza kusaidia kidogo kuzuia UTI lakini HAIPONI maambukizi yaliyopoCranberry inaweza kusaidia kidogo kuzuia UTI lakini HAIPONI existing infection
A UTI will go away on its ownUTI itaisha yenyeweUTI itaisha yenyewe
Without treatment, UTIs worsen and can spread to kidneysBila matibabu, UTI inazidi na inaweza kusambaa kwenye figoBila treatment, UTI inazidi na inaweza kusambaa kwenye kidneys
Bacteria cause UTIs, not sugar directly — though high sugar environments may promote growthBakteria husababisha UTI, si sukari moja kwa moja — ingawa mazingira ya sukari nyingi yanaweza kukuza ukuajiBacteria husababisha UTIs, si sugar moja kwa moja — ingawa high sugar inaweza promote growth
Street Talk
Kuungua unapokojoa si 'aibu ya kimya kimya' — ni mwili wako ukisema 'nisaidie'. Nenda kliniki. Matibabu ni rahisi na bei nafuu. Kupuuza inaweza kukudhuru figo zako.Kuungua unapokojoa si aibu — ni mwili wako ukisema 'nisaidie'. Nenda kliniki. Kupuuza inaweza kukudhuru figo zako.Kuungua unapokojoa si 'aibu ya kukaa kimya' — ni mwili wako ukisema 'nisaidie'. Nenda kliniki. Treatment ni rahisi na affordable. Kupuuza inaweza kudhuru kidneys zako.
✍️ ReflectionTafakariReflection
1. List FIVE daily habits you will start this week to reduce your UTI risk. Be specific.1. Orodhesha TABIA TANO za kila siku utakazoanza wiki hii kupunguza hatari yako ya UTI. Kuwa maalum.1. Orodhesha TABIA TANO za kila siku utakazoanza wiki hii kupunguza UTI risk yako. Kuwa specific.
2. A classmate says 'I've been burning when I urinate for three days but I'm too embarrassed to tell anyone.' What would you say to them and what would you do?2. Mwanafunzi mwenzako anasema 'Nimekuwa nikiunguliwa ninapokojoa kwa siku tatu lakini ninaaibishwa kumwambia mtu yeyote.' Ungemwambia nini na ungefanya nini?2. Classmate anasema 'Nimekuwa nikiunguliwa ninapokojoa kwa siku tatu lakini ninaaibishwa kumwambia mtu yeyote.' Ungemwambia nini na ungefanya nini?
✍️ My Reflection (private)✍️ Tafakari Yangu (ya siri)✍️ Mawazo Yangu (siri)
Complete all parts. 15/25 (60%) to earn your certificate.Kamilisha sehemu zote. 15/25 kupata cheti.Fanya sehemu zote. 15/25 kupata certificate.
Part A: MCQ — 10 marksSehemu A: MCQPart A: MCQ
1. A UTI (Urinary Tract Infection) is:1. UTI (Maambukizi ya Njia ya Mkojo) ni:1. UTI (Urinary Tract Infection) ni:
AA sexually transmitted infection onlyMaambukizi yanayopitishwa kingono tuSTI tu
BAn infection of any part of the urinary system by bacteriaMaambukizi ya sehemu yoyote ya mfumo wa mkojo na bakteriaInfection ya sehemu yoyote ya urinary system na bacteria
CA skin conditionHali ya ngoziSkin condition
DA type of kidney stoneAina ya jiwe la figoAina ya kidney stone
2. The most common symptom of a UTI is:2. Dalili ya kawaida zaidi ya UTI ni:2. Most common symptom ya UTI ni:
AChest painMaumivu ya kifuaChest pain
BA burning sensation when urinating and frequent urge to urinateHisia ya kuungua unapokojoa na hamu ya kukojoa mara kwa maraBurning sensation unapokojoa na frequent urge ya kukojoa
CHair lossKupoteza nyweleHair loss
DRash on the skinUpele wa ngoziSkin rash
3. Girls and women are more prone to UTIs than boys because:3. Wasichana na wanawake wana uwezekano zaidi wa UTI kuliko wavulana kwa sababu:3. Wasichana na wanawake wana more likely ya UTI kuliko wavulana kwa sababu:
ATheir immune systems are weakerMifumo yao ya kinga ni dhaifuImmune systems zao ni dhaifu
BThe female urethra is shorter, making it easier for bacteria to reach the bladderUrethra ya kike ni fupi, na kurahisisha bakteria kufikia kibofuFemale urethra ni fupi, kurahisisha bacteria kufikia bladder
CThey drink more waterWanakunywa maji zaidiWanakunywa maji zaidi
DThey eat more sugarWanakula sukari zaidiWanakula sukari zaidi
4. The best way to prevent a UTI is:4. Njia bora ya kuzuia UTI ni:4. Best way ya kuzuia UTI ni:
AAvoiding all liquidsKuepuka vinywaji vyoteKuepuka vinywaji vyote
BDrinking plenty of water, urinating frequently, and wiping front to backKunywa maji mengi, kukojoa mara kwa mara, na kufuta kutoka mbele kwenda nyumaKunywa maji mengi, kukojoa mara kwa mara, na kufuta front to back
CTaking antibiotics every week as preventionKuchukua antibiotiki kila wiki kama kingaKuchukua antibiotics kila wiki kama prevention
DOnly bathing once a weekKuoga mara moja tu kwa wikiKuoga mara moja tu kwa wiki
5. An untreated UTI can become dangerous if:5. UTI isiyotibiwa inaweza kuwa hatari ikiwa:5. UTI isiyotibiwa inaweza kuwa hatari ikiwa:
AYou drink too much waterUnakunywa maji mengi sanaUnakunywa maji mengi sana
BThe infection spreads to the kidneys (pyelonephritis)Maambukizi yanasambaa kwenye figo (pyelonephritis)Maambukizi yanasambaa kwenye kidneys (pyelonephritis)
DYou exercise too muchUnafanya mazoezi mengi sanaUnafanya mazoezi mengi sana
6. Cloudy, dark, or foul-smelling urine may indicate:6. Mkojo wenye mawingu, giza, au harufu mbaya unaweza kuonyesha:6. Cloudy, dark, au foul-smelling urine inaweza kuonyesha:
AGood healthAfya nzuriAfya nzuri
BDehydration or a possible UTIUpungufu wa maji mwilini au UTI inayowezekanaUpungufu wa maji mwilini au possible UTI
CToo much vitamin CVitamini C nyingi sanaVitamini C nyingi sana
DNormal variation onlyTofauti ya kawaida tuNormal variation tu
7. Which of these habits increases UTI risk?7. Tabia zipi kati ya hizi zinaongeza hatari ya UTI?7. Habits zipi kati ya hizi zinaongeza UTI risk?
ADrinking 8 glasses of water dailyKunywa glasi 8 za maji kila sikuKunywa glasi 8 za maji kila siku
BHolding urine for very long periods and wiping back to frontKushikilia mkojo kwa muda mrefu sana na kufuta nyuma kwenda mbeleKushikilia urine kwa muda mrefu na kufuta back to front
CWearing cotton underwearKuvaa chupi ya pambaKuvaa cotton underwear
DUrinating after physical activityKukojoa baada ya shughuli za kimwiliKukojoa baada ya physical activity
8. The correct treatment for a confirmed UTI is:8. Matibabu sahihi ya UTI iliyothibitishwa ni:8. Correct treatment ya confirmed UTI ni:
ADrinking lemon juice and hoping it clearsKunywa maji ya ndimu na kutumainia itaishaKunywa lemon juice na kutumainia itaisha
BA prescribed course of antibiotics completed in fullDawa za antibiotiki zilizoagizwa zilizomalizika zotePrescribed course ya antibiotics iliyomalizika yote
CIgnoring it until it goes away on its ownKupuuza hadi itaisha yenyeweKupuuza hadi itaisha yenyewe
DTaking leftover antibiotics from a previous illnessKuchukua antibiotiki zilizosalia kutoka ugonjwa uliopitaKuchukua leftover antibiotics kutoka ugonjwa uliopita
9. Recurrent UTIs (more than 3 per year) should be:9. UTI zinazorudi (zaidi ya 3 kwa mwaka) zinapaswa:9. Recurrent UTIs (zaidi ya 3 kwa mwaka) zinapaswa:
AAccepted as normalKukubaliwa kama za kawaidaKukubaliwa kama normal
BInvestigated by a doctor — they may indicate an underlying conditionKuchunguzwa na daktari — zinaweza kuonyesha hali ya msingiKuchunguzwa na daktari — zinaweza kuonyesha underlying condition
CTreated only with home remediesKutibiwa na tiba za nyumbani tuKutibiwa na home remedies tu
DReported to the schoolKuripotiwa shuleniKuripotiwa shuleni
10. A simple daily habit that MOST reduces UTI risk is:10. Tabia rahisi ya kila siku inayopunguza ZAIDI hatari ya UTI ni:10. Simple daily habit inayopunguza ZAIDI UTI risk ni:
AEating more saltKula chumvi zaidiKula chumvi zaidi
BDrinking at least 8 glasses of water dailyKunywa angalau glasi 8 za maji kila sikuKunywa angalau glasi 8 za maji kila siku
CAvoiding all physical activityKuepuka shughuli zote za kimwiliKuepuka physical activity yote
DWearing very tight clothingKuvaa nguo ngumu sanaKuvaa nguo ngumu sana
Part B: Fill Blanks — 5 marksSehemu B: Jaza NafasiPart B: Fill Blanks
1. The most common bacteria causing UTIs is ______, which comes from the bowel. 1. Bakteria ya kawaida zaidi inayosababisha UTI ni ______, inayotoka kwa utumbo. 1. Most common bacteria inayosababisha UTIs ni ______, inayotoka kwa utumbo.
2. The female urethra is ______ than the male urethra, increasing UTI risk. 2. Urethra ya kike ni ______ kuliko ya kiume, kuongeza hatari ya UTI. 2. Female urethra ni ______ kuliko ya kiume, kuongeza UTI risk.
3. A kidney infection caused by an untreated UTI is called ______. 3. Maambukizi ya figo yanayosababishwa na UTI isiyotibiwa huitwa ______. 3. Kidney infection inayosababishwa na untreated UTI inaitwa ______.
4. The correct way to wipe after using the toilet is from ______ to back. 4. Njia sahihi ya kufuta baada ya kutumia choo ni kutoka ______ kwenda nyuma. 4. Correct way ya kufuta baada ya kutumia choo ni kutoka ______ kwenda nyuma.
5. Completing the full prescribed course of ______ is essential to treat a UTI. 5. Kukamilisha kozi yote iliyoagizwa ya ______ ni muhimu kutibu UTI. 5. Kukamilisha full prescribed course ya ______ ni muhimu kutibu UTI.
Part C: Short Answer — 10 marksSehemu C: Jibu FupiPart C: Short Answer
List FOUR symptoms of a UTI and explain when you should see a doctor urgently (3 marks). (3 marks marks)Orodhesha DALILI NNE za UTI na eleza wakati unapaswa kuona daktari haraka (alama 3).List DALILI NNE za UTI na eleza wakati unapaswa kuona daktari haraka (marks 3).
Explain FOUR habits a teenage girl can adopt to significantly reduce her risk of UTIs (4 marks). (4 marks marks)Eleza TABIA NNE ambayo msichana wa ujana anaweza kufuata kupunguza kwa kiasi kikubwa hatari yake ya UTI (alama 4).Explain TABIA NNE ambazo teenage girl anaweza kufuata kupunguza kwa kiasi kikubwa UTI risk yake (marks 4).
Why is it dangerous to stop taking antibiotics for a UTI before completing the full course? (3 marks) (3 marks marks)Kwa nini ni hatari kusimama kuchukua antibiotiki za UTI kabla ya kukamilisha kozi yote? (alama 3)Kwa nini ni hatari kusimama kuchukua antibiotics za UTI kabla ya kukamilisha full course? (marks 3)