📋 By the end of this lesson:📋 Mwishoni mwa somo:📋 Lesson hii ikisha:
Describe the phases of the menstrual cycleEleza awamu za mzunguko wa hedhiDescribe awamu za menstrual cycle
Identify normal and abnormal period symptomsTambua dalili za kawaida na zisizo za kawaida za hedhiIdentify normal na abnormal period symptoms
Demonstrate good menstrual hygiene practicesOnyesha mazoea mazuri ya usafi wa hedhiDemonstrate good menstrual hygiene practices
Challenge myths and address period povertyPinga hadithi za uongo na kushughulikia umaskini wa hedhiChallenge myths na address period poverty
🔍 Big Question: How would ending period stigma and poverty change the lives of girls in your community?🔍 Swali Kubwa: Kumaliza unyanyapaa na umaskini wa hedhi kungebadilisha maisha ya wasichana katika jamii yako vipi?🔍 Big Question: Kumaliza period stigma na poverty kungebadilisha maisha ya wasichana kwa community yako vipi?
🔄 Understanding the Menstrual CycleKuelewa Mzunguko wa HedhiKuelewa Menstrual Cycle
The menstrual cycle is a monthly hormonal process preparing the body for possible pregnancy. It is biology — not a curse.Mzunguko wa hedhi ni mchakato wa kila mwezi wa homoni unaoandaa mwili kwa uwezekano wa ujauzito. Ni biolojia — si laana.Menstrual cycle ni monthly hormonal process inayoandaa mwili kwa possible pregnancy. Ni biology — si curse.
Phase ENAwamu SWAwamu SH
Days ENSiku SWSiku SH
What Happens ENKinachotokea SWKinachotokea SH
MenstruationHedhiHedhi
1–51–51–5
Uterine lining sheds — the period bleedSafu ya uterasi inamwagika — kutokwa damuUterine lining inamwagika — period bleed
Follicular PhaseAwamu ya FollicularFollicular Phase
1–131–131–13
Lining rebuilds, egg matures in ovarySafu inajengwa upya, yai linakomaa kwenye ovariLining inajengwa upya, egg inakomaa kwenye ovary
OvulationKutolewa kwa YaiOvulation
~14~14~14
Mature egg released — highest fertilityYai zuri limetolewa — uzazi wa juu zaidiMature egg imetolewa — highest fertility
Luteal PhaseAwamu ya LutealLuteal Phase
15–2815–2815–28
Progesterone rises; lining thickens for implantationProgesterone inaongezeka; safu inene kwa upandajiProgesterone inaongezeka; lining inene kwa implantation
🇰🇪 Myth Buster
Menstruation si laana, si uchafu, si adhabu. Ni ishara kwamba mwili unafanya kazi vizuri. Shule, michezo, na maisha yote yanaendelea wakati wa hedhi.Menstruation si laana wala uchafu. Ni ishara ya mwili wenye afya.Period si curse, si uchafu, si adhabu. Ni ishara kwamba mwili unafanya kazi vizuri. Shule, sports, na maisha yote yanaendelea wakati wa period.
📋 Period Symptoms & What Is NormalDalili za Hedhi na Kinachokuwa cha KawaidaPeriod Symptoms & What Is Normal
Knowing what is normal during menstruation helps you recognise when to seek medical help.Kujua kinachokuwa cha kawaida wakati wa hedhi husaidia kutambua wakati wa kutafuta msaada wa kimatibabu.Kujua kinachokuwa normal wakati wa period husaidia kutambua wakati wa kutafuta medical help.
Symptom ENDalili SWDalili SH
Normal? ENKawaida? SWKawaida? SH
Action ENHatua SWHatua SH
Mild crampingMaumivu madogoMild cramping
✅ Normal✅ Kawaida✅ Normal
Warm compress, paracetamolKitambaa cha joto, paracetamolWarm compress, paracetamol
PMS mood changesMabadiliko ya hisia ya PMSPMS mood changes
✅ Normal✅ Kawaida✅ Normal
Rest, talk to someone, exercisePumzika, zungumza na mtu, fanya mazoeziRest, zungumza na mtu, exercise
Very heavy bleeding (soaking pad hourly)Kutokwa na damu nyingi sana (pedi kila saa)Very heavy bleeding (pad kila saa)
⚠️ See doctor⚠️ Muone daktari⚠️ Muone daktari
Visit health facilityTembelea kituo cha afyaTembelea health facility
Severe pain stopping normal activityMaumivu makali yanayozuia shughuliSevere pain inayozuia activities
⚠️ See doctor⚠️ Muone daktari⚠️ Muone daktari
Could indicate endometriosisInaweza kuonyesha endometriosisInaweza kuonyesha endometriosis
Period stopping for 3+ monthsHedhi kusimama kwa miezi 3+Period kusimama kwa miezi 3+
⚠️ See doctor⚠️ Muone daktari⚠️ Muone daktari
Rule out pregnancy, stress, illnessAngalia ujauzito, msongo, ugonjwaRule out pregnancy, stress, ugonjwa
🔑 PMS🔑 PMS🔑 PMSPremenstrual Syndrome — physical and emotional symptoms (bloating, mood swings, breast tenderness) in the days before a period. Common and manageable.Dalili za Kabla ya Hedhi — dalili za kimwili na kihisia (kuvimba, mabadiliko ya hisia, maumivu ya matiti) siku chache kabla ya hedhi. Ni za kawaida na zinaweza kudhibitiwa.Premenstrual Syndrome — physical na emotional symptoms (bloating, mood swings, breast tenderness) siku chache kabla ya period. Common na manageable.
🧼 Menstrual Hygiene ManagementUsimamizi wa Usafi wa HedhiMenstrual Hygiene Management
Good menstrual hygiene protects your health, confidence, and keeps you in school.Usafi mzuri wa hedhi unalinda afya yako, ujasiri wako, na unakuweka shuleni.Good menstrual hygiene inalinda health yako, confidence yako, na inakuweka shuleni.
Change pads every 4–6 hours — even on light flow daysBadilisha pedi kila masaa 4–6 — hata siku za hedhi ndogoBadilisha pads kila hours 4–6 — hata siku za light flow
Always wash hands before and after changing a padNawa mikono daima kabla na baada ya kubadilisha pediWash mikono daima kabla na baada ya kubadilisha pad
Wrap used pads and dispose in a bin — not the toiletFunika pedi zilizotumika na tupa kwenye pipa — si chooniWrap pads zilizotumika na dispose kwenye bin — si choo
Bathe daily during your period — water is safe and helpfulOga kila siku wakati wa hedhi yako — maji ni salama na ya kusaidiaOga kila siku wakati wa period yako — maji ni safe na helpful
Reusable cloth pads: wash with soap, dry in sun, store in clean dry placePedi za nguo: osha kwa sabuni, kausha juani, hifadhi mahali safi pakavuReusable cloth pads: wash kwa sabuni, kausha jua, hifadhi mahali safi pakavu
⚠️ Period Poverty Alert⚠️ Onyo la Umaskini wa Hedhi⚠️ Period Poverty Alert In Kenya, 65% of women and girls cannot afford sanitary pads regularly. This causes school absenteeism. If you struggle to access pads, talk to your teacher or nurse — free pads are available at many health facilities. Kenya, 65% ya wanawake na wasichana hawawezi kumudu pedi za usafi mara kwa mara. Hii husababisha kutokuwepo shuleni. Ukipata shida kupata pedi, zungumza na mwalimu au muuguzi wako — pedi za bure zinapatikana katika vituo vingi vya afya. Kenya, 65% ya wanawake na wasichana hawawezi afford pads regularly. Hii husababisha school absenteeism. Ukipata shida kupata pads, zungumza na mwalimu au nurse — free pads zinapatikana kwa health facilities nyingi.
🔍 Myths vs FactsHadithi za Uongo dhidi ya UkweliMyths vs Facts
Dangerous myths about menstruation still spread in Kenyan communities. Know the facts.Hadithi hatarishi za uongo kuhusu hedhi bado zinasambaa katika jamii za Kenya. Jua ukweli.Dangerous myths kuhusu menstruation bado zinasambaa kwa communities za Kenya. Jua facts.
Myth ENHadithi SWMyth SH
Fact ENUkweli SWFact SH
Menstruation is a curse or punishmentHedhi ni laana au adhabuHedhi ni curse au adhabu
It is a normal biological processNi mchakato wa kawaida wa kibiolojiaNi normal biological process
Girls cannot bathe during their periodWasichana hawawezi kuoga wakati wa hedhiWasichana hawawezi kuoga wakati wa period
Bathing is safe and importantKuoga ni salama na muhimuKuoga ni safe na muhimu
Exercise makes periods worseMazoezi huzidisha hedhiExercise inazidisha periods
Girls should stay home during periodsWasichana wanapaswa kukaa nyumbani wakati wa hedhiWasichana wanapaswa kukaa nyumbani wakati wa periods
Girls can attend school and all activitiesWasichana wanaweza kwenda shule na shughuli zoteWasichana wanaweza kwenda shule na activities zote
Irregular cycles are always seriousMizunguko isiyo ya kawaida ni mbaya daimaIrregular cycles ni mbaya daima
Stress and illness can cause temporary irregularityMsongo na ugonjwa vinaweza kusababisha kutokuwa wa kawaida kwa mudaStress na ugonjwa vinaweza cause temporary irregularity
🇰🇪 Wanjiku's School Club — Murang'aKlabu ya Shule ya Wanjiku — Murang'aWanjiku's School Club — Murang'aWanjiku started a 'Period Positivity' club at her school in Murang'a. They made reusable pads from fabric donations and taught 80 girls proper hygiene. School attendance during 'period week' rose by 30%. Her headteacher nominated her for a county youth award.Wanjiku alianzisha klabu ya 'Furaha ya Hedhi' shuleni mwake Murang'a. Walitengeneza pedi za nguo kutoka kwa mchango wa vitambaa na kufundisha wasichana 80 usafi sahihi. Mahudhurio ya shule wakati wa 'wiki ya hedhi' yaliongezeka kwa 30%. Mkuu wake wa shule alimpendekezea tuzo ya vijana ya kaunti.Wanjiku alianzisha 'Period Positivity' club shuleni mwake Murang'a. Walitengeneza reusable pads kutoka fabric donations na kufundisha wasichana 80 proper hygiene. School attendance wakati wa 'period week' iliongezeka kwa 30%. Headteacher alimpendekezea county youth award.
🎬 Module VideoVideo ya ModuliModule Video
Watch carefully, then continue to the scenarios.Tazama kwa makini, kisha endelea.Watch kwa makini, kisha endelea.
🎬
Module Video
Your teacher will upload this video.Mwalimu wako ataipakia.Teacher wako ataupload.
📁 /uploads/media/menstrual-health.mp4
🎭 Real Talk — What Would You Do?Mazungumzo ya KweliReal Talk — Ungefanya Nini?
Pick your choice and see the consequence.Chagua na uone matokeo.Chagua yako uone consequence.
Amina, 14, Mombasa, starts her period during a PE lesson. A male classmate notices and laughs. Others join in. Amina wants to run home and never return.Amina, miaka 14, Mombasa, anapata hedhi wakati wa somo la PE. Mwanafunzi wa kiume aliona na kucheka. Wengine wanajiunga. Amina anataka kukimbia nyumbani na asirudi tena.Amina, miaka 14, Mombasa, anapata period wakati wa PE lesson. Male classmate aliona na kucheka. Wengine wanajiunga. Amina anataka kukimbia nyumbani na asirudi.
What is the best response to protect Amina's dignity?Jibu bora la kulinda heshima ya Amina ni lipi?Best response ya kulinda dignity ya Amina ni ipi?
Ignoring bullying makes it worse. Amina may develop school phobia, miss education, and suffer lasting psychological harm from the humiliation. Bystanders who do nothing are part of the problem.Kupuuza unyanyasaji kunaufanya kuwa mbaya zaidi. Amina anaweza kukuza hofu ya shule, kukosa elimu, na kupata madhara ya kudumu ya kisaikolojia kutokana na udhalilishaji. Watazamaji wanaokaa kimya ni sehemu ya tatizo.Kupuuza bullying kunaufanya mbaya zaidi. Amina anaweza develop school phobia, kukosa elimu, na kupata lasting psychological harm kutoka kwa humiliation. Bystanders wanaokaa kimya ni sehemu ya tatizo.
A classmate quietly walked Amina to the nurse's office. The female teacher addressed the class: 'Menstruation is normal biology — mocking it shows ignorance, not strength.' The male student apologised. Amina returned the next day. ✅Mwanafunzi mwenzake alimwongoza Amina kimya kimya kwenye ofisi ya muuguzi. Mwalimu wa kike alishughulikia darasa: 'Hedhi ni biolojia ya kawaida — kuichekesha kunaonyesha ujinga, si nguvu.' Mwanafunzi wa kiume aliomba msamaha. Amina alirudi siku iliyofuata. ✅Classmate mmoja alimwongoza Amina kimya kwenye nurse's office. Female teacher alishughulikia darasa: 'Hedhi ni normal biology — kuichekesha kunaonyesha ujinga, si nguvu.' Male student aliomba msamaha. Amina alirudi siku iliyofuata. ✅
Zawadi, 15, Kisumu, is missing school for 3 days every month because she has no pads and is ashamed to tell anyone.Zawadi, miaka 15, Kisumu, anakosa shule kwa siku 3 kila mwezi kwa sababu hana pedi na aibu kumwambia mtu yeyote.Zawadi, miaka 15, Kisumu, anakosa shule kwa siku 3 kila mwezi kwa sababu hana pads na aibu kumwambia mtu yeyote.
What is the best action for Zawadi?Hatua bora kwa Zawadi ni ipi?Best action kwa Zawadi ni ipi?
3 days absence every month = 36 days per year = nearly 7 full school weeks. Zawadi will fall behind, lose confidence, and risk dropping out — all due to a preventable, solvable problem.Kutokuwepo kwa siku 3 kila mwezi = siku 36 kwa mwaka = karibu wiki 7 za shule. Zawadi atakuwa nyuma, atapoteza ujasiri, na hatari ya kuacha shule — yote kwa sababu ya tatizo linaloepukika na linaweza kutatuliwa.Kutokuwepo kwa siku 3 kila mwezi = siku 36 kwa mwaka = karibu wiki 7 za shule. Zawadi ataangukia nyuma, atapoteza confidence, na risk ya kudrop — yote kwa sababu ya tatizo linaloepukika.
Zawadi confided in her class teacher. The teacher connected her to the school nurse who gave her reusable pads and showed her how to use them. Zawadi never missed another period week again. ✅Zawadi alimwambia mwalimu wake wa darasa. Mwalimu alimwunganisha na muuguzi wa shule aliyempa pedi za nguo na kumwonyesha jinsi ya kuzitumia. Zawadi hakukosa tena wiki ya hedhi. ✅Zawadi alimwambia class teacher yake. Mwalimu alimconnect na school nurse aliyempa reusable pads na kumwonyesha jinsi ya kuzitumia. Zawadi hakukosa tena period week. ✅
💊 Managing Period SymptomsKusimamia Dalili za HedhiKusimamia Period Symptoms
You do not have to suffer in silence. Here are evidence-based ways to manage period symptoms.Huhitaji kuteseka kimya. Hapa kuna njia zinazothibitishwa na ushahidi za kusimamia dalili za hedhi.Huhitaji kuteseka kimya. Hapa kuna evidence-based ways za kusimamia period symptoms.
Symptom ENDalili SWDalili SH
Home Management ENUsimamizi wa Nyumbani SWHome Management SH
See Doctor If ENMuone Daktari Kama SWMuone Daktari Kama SH
CrampsMaumivu ya hedhiCramps
Warm compress, paracetamol, gentle walkKitambaa cha joto, paracetamol, kutembea kidogoWarm compress, paracetamol, gentle walk
Pain stops normal activityMaumivu yanazuia shughuli za kawaidaPain inazuia normal activities
Heavy flowDamu nyingiHeavy flow
Change pad every 2 hours if neededBadilisha pedi kila masaa 2 ikihitajikaBadilisha pad kila hours 2 ikihitajika
Soaking pad every hourPedi kila saaPad kila hour
PMS moodHisia za PMSPMS mood
Exercise, rest, talk to someoneMazoezi, pumzika, zungumza na mtuExercise, rest, zungumza na mtu
Severe depression/anxietyHuzuni kali/wasiwasiSevere depression/anxiety
Irregular cycleMzunguko usio wa kawaidaIrregular cycle
Track cycle — stress can cause thisFuatilia mzunguko — msongo unaweza kusababisha hiliTrack cycle — stress inaweza cause hili
Missing for 3+ monthsKukosa kwa miezi 3+Missing kwa miezi 3+
Street Talk
Kufuatilia mzunguko wako (kutumia kalenda au app) ni ujuzi muhimu wa afya. Unakusaidia kujua mwili wako, kutarajia hedhi, na kugundua mabadiliko mapema.Kufuatilia mzunguko wako kwa kalenda au app ni ujuzi muhimu wa afya.Kufuatilia mzunguko wako (kutumia kalenda au app) ni important health skill. Inakusaidia kujua mwili wako, kutarajia period, na kugundua mabadiliko mapema.
✍️ ReflectionTafakariReflection
1. What is one myth about menstruation you have heard in your community? How would you respectfully correct it using facts from this lesson?1. Ni hadithi gani moja ya uongo kuhusu hedhi umesikia katika jamii yako? Ungeisahihisha vipi kwa heshima ukitumia ukweli kutoka somo hili?1. Ni myth gani moja kuhusu menstruation umesikia kwa community yako? Ungeicorrect vipi kwa heshima ukitumia facts kutoka lesson hii?
2. Design a simple menstrual hygiene checklist that a girl in your school could follow every month.2. Buni orodha rahisi ya usafi wa hedhi ambayo msichana shuleni mwako anaweza kufuata kila mwezi.2. Design simple menstrual hygiene checklist ambayo msichana shuleni mwako anaweza kufuata kila mwezi.
✍️ My Reflection (private)✍️ Tafakari Yangu (ya siri)✍️ Mawazo Yangu (siri)
Complete all parts. 15/25 (60%) to earn your certificate.Kamilisha sehemu zote. 15/25 kupata cheti.Fanya sehemu zote. 15/25 kupata certificate.
Part A: MCQ — 10 marksSehemu A: MCQPart A: MCQ
1. The menstrual cycle is counted from:1. Mzunguko wa hedhi unahesabiwa kutoka:1. Menstrual cycle inahesabiwa kutoka:
AThe last day of one period to the last day of the nextSiku ya mwisho ya hedhi moja hadi siku ya mwisho ya ijayoLast day ya period moja hadi last day ya ijayo
BThe first day of one period to the first day of the nextSiku ya kwanza ya hedhi moja hadi siku ya kwanza ya ijayoFirst day ya period moja hadi first day ya ijayo
CThe middle of one period to the middle of the nextKatikati ya hedhi moja hadi katikati ya ijayoKatikati ya period moja hadi katikati ya ijayo
DOvulation to ovulationKutolewa kwa yai hadi kutolewa kwa yai kingineOvulation hadi ovulation
2. Ovulation is:2. Kutolewa kwa yai ni:2. Ovulation ni:
AThe start of menstruationMwanzo wa hedhiMwanzo wa hedhi
BThe release of a mature egg from the ovaryKutolewa kwa yai zuri kutoka kwa ovariRelease ya mature egg kutoka kwa ovary
CThe end of pubertyMwisho wa baleheMwisho wa puberty
DA type of contraceptionAina ya uzazi wa mpangoAina ya contraception
3. Normal menstrual flow lasts approximately:3. Hedhi ya kawaida hudumu takriban:3. Normal menstrual flow hudumu takriban:
AAbsence of menstruationKutokuwepo kwa hedhiKutokuwepo kwa hedhi
BPainful menstruation (period cramps)Hedhi yenye maumivu (maumivu ya hedhi)Painful menstruation (period cramps)
CVery heavy bleedingKutokwa na damu nyingi sanaVery heavy bleeding
DIrregular cycle onlyMzunguko usio wa kawaida tuIrregular cycle tu
5. A menstrual cycle shorter than 21 days or longer than 35 days is considered:5. Mzunguko wa hedhi mfupi kuliko siku 21 au mrefu zaidi ya siku 35 unachukuliwa kuwa:5. Menstrual cycle mfupi kuliko siku 21 au mrefu kuliko siku 35 inachukuliwa kuwa:
APerfectly normal for all girlsKawaida kabisa kwa wasichana wotePerfectly normal kwa wasichana wote
BIrregular and worth mentioning to a healthcare providerIsiyo ya kawaida na inastahili kutajwa kwa mtoa huduma wa afyaIrregular na inastahili kutajwa kwa healthcare provider
CA sign of pregnancyIshara ya ujauzitoIshara ya pregnancy
DOnly caused by dietHusababishwa na lishe tuHusababishwa na diet tu
6. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) symptoms include:6. Dalili za PMS (hali kabla ya hedhi) ni pamoja na:6. PMS symptoms ni pamoja na:
AOnly physical painMaumivu ya kimwili tuPhysical pain tu
BMood changes, bloating, breast tenderness, and fatigue before the periodMabadiliko ya hisia, kuvimba, maumivu ya matiti, na uchovu kabla ya hedhiMood changes, bloating, breast tenderness, na fatigue kabla ya period
CFever and rashHoma na upeleHoma na upele
DLoss of appetite onlyKupoteza hamu ya kula tuKupoteza appetite tu
7. The safest and most hygienic menstrual product for school-going girls in Kenya is:7. Bidhaa ya hedhi salama zaidi na ya usafi kwa wasichana wanaokwenda shule Kenya ni:7. Most safe na hygienic menstrual product kwa school-going wasichana Kenya ni:
APieces of old clothing without washingVipande vya nguo za zamani bila kuoshaVipande vya nguo za zamani bila kuosha
BClean disposable pads or well-maintained reusable cloth padsPedi za kutupa safi au pedi za nguo zinazoweza kutumika tena zilizohifadhiwa vizuriClean disposable pads au well-maintained reusable cloth pads
CLeaves from the gardenMajani kutoka bustaniniMajani kutoka bustanini
DTissue paper onlyKaratasi ya kufutia tuTissue paper tu
8. Period poverty means:8. Umaskini wa hedhi unamaanisha:8. Period poverty inamaanisha:
AEarning less money during your periodKupata pesa chache wakati wa hedhi yakoKupata pesa chache wakati wa period yako
BLack of access to menstrual products, clean water, or safe sanitationUkosefu wa upatikanaji wa bidhaa za hedhi, maji safi, au usafi wa mazingiraUkosefu wa access ya menstrual products, clean water, au safe sanitation
CA rare condition in wealthy countries onlyHali adimu katika nchi tajiri tuRare condition kwa wealthy countries tu
DSpending too much on padsKutumia pesa nyingi sana kwa pediKutumia pesa nyingi kwa pads
9. A reliable home remedy for mild period cramps is:9. Tiba ya nyumbani inayotegemewa kwa maumivu ya hedhi madogo ni:9. Reliable home remedy kwa mild period cramps ni:
ADrinking very cold water onlyKunywa maji baridi sana tuKunywa maji baridi sana tu
BWarm compress on the abdomen, gentle exercise, and staying hydratedKitambaa cha joto tumboni, mazoezi ya upole, na kunywa maji ya kutoshaWarm compress tumboni, gentle exercise, na kunywa maji ya kutosha
CAvoiding all foodKuepuka chakula choteKuepuka chakula chote
DStaying in bed for the entire periodKulala kitandani hedhi yoteKulala kitandani period yote
10. Menstruation is a sign that a girl's body:10. Hedhi ni ishara kwamba mwili wa msichana:10. Hedhi ni ishara kwamba mwili wa msichana:
AIs sickUko mgonjwaUko mgonjwa
BIs cursedUmelaaniwaUmelaaniwa
CIs functioning normally and is reproductively maturingUnafanya kazi kawaida na unakomaa kiuzaziUnafanya kazi normally na unakomaa kiuzazi
DNeeds immediate medical attention alwaysUnahitaji matibabu ya haraka kila wakatiUnahitaji immediate medical attention kila wakati
Part B: Fill Blanks — 5 marksSehemu B: Jaza NafasiPart B: Fill Blanks
1. The average menstrual cycle lasts ______ days, but 21–35 days is considered normal. 1. Mzunguko wa wastani wa hedhi hudumu siku ______, lakini siku 21–35 unachukuliwa kuwa wa kawaida. 1. Average menstrual cycle hudumu siku ______, lakini siku 21–35 inachukuliwa normal.
2. The release of a mature egg from the ovary is called ______. 2. Kutolewa kwa yai zuri kutoka kwa ovari kunaitwa ______. 2. Release ya mature egg kutoka kwa ovary inaitwa ______.
3. Painful periods are medically called ______. 3. Hedhi yenye maumivu kwa lugha ya kimatibabu inaitwa ______. 3. Painful periods kwa lugha ya kimatibabu inaitwa ______.
4. Physical and emotional symptoms before a period are collectively called ______. 4. Dalili za kimwili na kihisia kabla ya hedhi kwa pamoja huitwa ______. 4. Physical na emotional symptoms kabla ya period kwa pamoja huitwa ______.
5. Lack of access to menstrual products and clean sanitation is called period ______. 5. Ukosefu wa upatikanaji wa bidhaa za hedhi na usafi safi unaitwa umaskini wa ______. 5. Ukosefu wa access ya menstrual products na clean sanitation unaitwa period ______.
Part C: Short Answer — 10 marksSehemu C: Jibu FupiPart C: Short Answer
Describe the four main phases of the menstrual cycle in order (3 marks). (3 marks marks)Eleza awamu nne kuu za mzunguko wa hedhi kwa mpangilio (alama 3).Describe awamu nne kuu za menstrual cycle kwa order (marks 3).
Explain TWO effects of period poverty on a school-going girl's life and suggest ONE solution (4 marks). (4 marks marks)Eleza ATHARI MBILI za umaskini wa hedhi katika maisha ya msichana anayekwenda shule na pendekeza SULUHISHO MOJA (alama 4).Explain ATHARI MBILI za period poverty kwa maisha ya school-going msichana na suggest SULUHISHO MOJA (marks 4).
A classmate says 'I can't exercise or bathe during my period — it makes it worse.' Is she correct? Explain (3 marks). (3 marks marks)Mwanafunzi mwenzako anasema 'Siwezi kufanya mazoezi au kuoga wakati wa hedhi — inazidisha.' Je, ana haki? Eleza (alama 3).Classmate anasema 'Siwezi exercise au kuoga wakati wa period — inazidisha.' Je, ana haki? Eleza (marks 3).