📋 By the end of this lesson:📋 Mwishoni mwa somo:📋 Lesson hii ikisha:
Define HIV, AIDS, and common STIsFafanua HIV, UKIMWI, na STI za kawaidaDefine HIV, AIDS, na common STIs
Explain how HIV is and is not transmittedEleza jinsi HIV inavyosambazwa na isivyosambazwaExplain jinsi HIV inavyosambazwa na isivyosambazwa
Describe prevention methods including ARVs, PrEP, and U=UEleza njia za kinga ikiwemo ARV, PrEP, na U=UDescribe prevention methods ikiwemo ARVs, PrEP, na U=U
Challenge HIV stigma using accurate informationPinga unyanyapaa wa HIV kwa kutumia habari sahihiChallenge HIV stigma ukitumia accurate information
🔍 Big Question: How can knowing your HIV status save YOUR life and others?🔍 Swali Kubwa: Kujua hali yako ya HIV kunaweza kuokoa maisha YAKO na ya wengine vipi?🔍 Big Question: Kujua HIV status yako kunaweza kuokoa maisha YAKO na ya wengine vipi?
🔬 HIV & AIDS — The BasicsMisingi ya HIV na UKIMWIHIV & AIDS — The Basics
Understanding HIV is the first step to protecting yourself and others.Kuelewa HIV ndiyo hatua ya kwanza ya kujilinda wewe na wengine.Kuelewa HIV ndiyo first step ya kujilinda wewe na wengine.
🔑 HIV🔑 VVU🔑 HIVHuman Immunodeficiency Virus — attacks white blood cells (CD4) that fight infection. No cure, but controlled with ARVs.Virusi ya Upungufu wa Kinga Mwilini — hushambulia seli nyeupe za damu (CD4) zinazopigana na maambukizi. Hakuna tiba, lakini inadhibitiwa na ARV.Human Immunodeficiency Virus — hushambulia CD4 cells zinazopigana na infection. Hakuna cure, lakini inadhibitiwa na ARVs.
🔑 AIDS🔑 UKIMWI🔑 AIDSAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome — the final stage of untreated HIV when the immune system collapses and the body cannot fight infections.Ugonjwa wa Upungufu wa Kinga Mwilini — hatua ya mwisho ya HIV isiyotibiwa wakati mfumo wa kinga unapoanguka.Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome — final stage ya HIV isiyotibiwa wakati immune system inapoanguka.
Fact ENFact SWFact SH
Detail ENDetail SWDetail SH
Kenya HIV rateKiwango cha HIV KenyaHIV rate Kenya
~4.9% of adults 15–49 (2023)~4.9% ya watu wazima 15–49 (2023)~4.9% ya adults 15–49 (2023)
Youth burdenMzigo wa vijanaYouth burden
Young people 15–24 account for 30% of new infectionsVijana 15–24 wanachangia 30% ya maambukizi mapyaYouth 15–24 wanachangia 30% ya new infections
ARV accessUfikiaji wa ARVARV access
2.1 million Kenyans on ARVs (2023)Wakenya 2.1 milioni kwenye ARV (2023)Wakenya 2.1M kwenye ARVs (2023)
TestingUpimajiTesting
Free at all public health facilitiesBure katika vituo vyote vya afyaFree kwa public health facilities zote
🇰🇪 Nairobi Context
Kaunti za Nairobi, Kisumu, Homa Bay na Siaya zina viwango vya juu zaidi vya HIV Kenya. Hii inaonyesha umuhimu wa kujipima.Nairobi, Kisumu, Homa Bay na Siaya zina viwango vya juu vya HIV nchini Kenya.Nairobi, Kisumu, Homa Bay, Siaya zina highest HIV rates Kenya. Hii inaonyesha umuhimu wa kujipima.
⚠️ How HIV Spreads & STIsJinsi HIV Inavyosambaa na STIJinsi HIV Inavyoenea na STIs
Knowing how HIV spreads helps you make informed choices.Kujua jinsi HIV inavyosambaa husaidia kufanya maamuzi sahihi.Kujua jinsi HIV inavyoenea husaidia kufanya informed choices.
Transmission Route ENNjia ya Maambukizi SWTransmission Route SH
Risk Level ENKiwango cha Hatari SWRisk Level SH
Unprotected vaginal/anal sexNgono ya mkunga/ya msamba bila kingaUnprotected sex
Very HighJuu SanaVery High
Sharing needles (IV drugs)Kushiriki sindano (dawa za kulevya)Kushiriki sindano
Very HighJuu SanaVery High
Mother to child (birth/breastfeed)Mama kwenda mtoto (kuzaa/kunyonyesha)Mother to child
Moderate (reduced by ARVs)Wastani (hupunguzwa na ARV)Moderate (hupunguzwa na ARVs)
High (rare in hospitals now)Juu (nadra hospitalini sasa)High (rare hospitalini sasa)
Hugging / sharing foodKukumbatia / kushiriki chakulaKukumbatia / kushiriki chakula
ZEROSIFURIZERO
🔑 Other STIs🔑 STI Nyingine🔑 Other STIsGonorrhoea, syphilis (bacterial — curable with antibiotics); Herpes, HPV (viral — treatable, not curable); Chlamydia (bacterial — curable). All increase HIV transmission risk.Kisonono, kaswende (bakteria — zinaposwa na antibiotiki); Herpes, HPV (virusi — zinatibika, haziponyeki); Klamidia (bakteria — inaponywa). Zote huongeza hatari ya maambukizi ya HIV.Gonorrhoea, syphilis (bacterial — curable na antibiotics); Herpes, HPV (viral — treatable, not curable); Chlamydia (bacterial — curable). Zote huongeza HIV risk.
💊 Prevention & TreatmentKinga na MatibabuPrevention & Treatment
You have tools to protect yourself. Use them.Una zana za kujilinda. Zitumie.Una tools za kujilinda. Zitumie.
Method ENNjia SWMethod SH
Effectiveness ENUfanisi SWEffectiveness SH
AbstinenceKujizuiaAbstinence
100%100%100%
Consistent correct condom useKutumia kondom ipasavyo kila wakatiCorrect condom use kila wakati
~98%~98%~98%
PrEP (daily pill for HIV-negative)PrEP (kidonge cha kila siku)PrEP (daily pill kwa HIV-negative)
Eliminates sexual transmissionHuondoa maambukizi ya ngonoHuondoa sexual transmission
HIV testingKujipima HIVHIV testing
Enables early treatmentInaruhusu matibabu ya mapemaInaruhusu early treatment
💡 U=U💡 U=U💡 U=U Undetectable = Untransmittable. A person on ARVs with an undetectable viral load CANNOT sexually transmit HIV. This is scientifically proven. Isiyoonekana = Isiyosambazwa. Mtu anayetumia ARV wenye mzigo wa virusi usiogundulikana HAWEZI kusambaza HIV kingono. Hii imethibitishwa kisayansi. Undetectable = Untransmittable. Mtu anayetumia ARVs na undetectable viral load HAWEZI kusambaza HIV sexually. Hii ni scientifically proven.
❤️ Living Positively & Fighting StigmaKuishi Vyema na Kupigana na UnyanyapaaLiving Positively & Stigma
HIV stigma kills — by stopping people from testing and seeking help. End the stigma.Unyanyapaa wa HIV unaua — kwa kuzuia watu kujipima na kutafuta msaada. Maliza unyanyapaa.HIV stigma inaua — kwa kuzuia watu kujipima na kutafuta msaada. End the stigma.
People on ARVs can work, study, have families, and live full livesWatu wanaotumia ARV wanaweza kufanya kazi, kusomea, kuwa na familia, na kuishi maisha kamiliWatu wanaotumia ARVs wanaweza kazi, kusoma, kuwa na familia, na kuishi maisha kamili
You CANNOT get HIV by sharing food, hugging, or using the same toiletHUWEZI kupata HIV kwa kushiriki chakula, kukumbatia, au kutumia choo kimojaHUWEZI pata HIV kwa kushiriki chakula, kukumbatia, au kutumia choo kimoja
Test regularly — knowing your status keeps you and others safeJipime mara kwa mara — kujua hali yako kunakuweka salama wewe na wengineJipime mara kwa mara — kujua status yako kunakuweka safe wewe na wengine
Support, don't judge, people living with HIVSaidia, usihukumu, watu wanaoishi na HIVSupport, usihukumu, watu wanaoishi na HIV
Free testing and ARVs at all public health facilities in KenyaUpimaji na ARV bure katika vituo vyote vya afya vya umma KenyaFree testing na ARVs kwa public health facilities zote Kenya
🇰🇪 Omondi's Story — KisumuHadithi ya Omondi — KisumuStory ya Omondi — KisumuOmondi, 18, tested HIV-positive during a routine clinic visit. He started ARVs immediately. Five years later, he is in university, his viral load is undetectable, and he volunteers as a peer educator on HIV prevention.Omondi, miaka 18, alipima HIV chanya wakati wa ziara ya kawaida ya kliniki. Alianza ARV mara moja. Miaka mitano baadaye, yuko chuo kikuu, mzigo wake wa virusi hauwezi kugundulikana, na anafanya kazi ya kujitolea kwa elimu ya rika.Omondi, miaka 18, alipima HIV-positive wakati wa clinic visit. Alianza ARVs mara moja. Miaka mitano later, yuko university, viral load yake ni undetectable, na ni peer educator wa HIV prevention.
🎬 Module VideoVideo ya ModuliModule Video
Watch carefully, then continue to the scenarios.Tazama kwa makini, kisha endelea.Watch kwa makini, kisha endelea.
🎬
Module Video
Your teacher will upload this video.Mwalimu wako ataipakia.Teacher wako ataupload.
📁 /uploads/media/hiv-stis.mp4
🎭 Real Talk — What Would You Do?Mazungumzo ya KweliReal Talk — Ungefanya Nini?
Pick your choice and see the consequence.Chagua na uone matokeo.Chagua yako uone consequence.
Zawadi, 16, Kisumu, finds out her boyfriend is HIV-positive. He says 'Don't worry, I feel fine — we don't need to change anything.'Zawadi, miaka 16, Kisumu, anagundua mchumba wake ana HIV. Anasema 'Usijali, nahisi sawa — hatupaswi kubadilisha chochote.'Zawadi, miaka 16, Kisumu, anagundua boyfriend wake ana HIV. Anasema 'Usijali, nahisi poa — hatuhitaji kubadilisha kitu chochote.'
What should Zawadi do?Zawadi afanye nini?Zawadi afanye nini?
Feeling fine does not mean someone is not infectious. HIV can be transmitted even without symptoms. Zawadi is putting herself at serious risk. Knowledge without action is not enough.Kuhisi sawa hakumaanishi mtu hana maambukizi. HIV inaweza kusambazwa hata bila dalili. Zawadi anajiweka katika hatari kubwa. Ujuzi bila hatua haitoshi.Kuhisi poa haikusema mtu haana maambukizi. HIV inaweza kusambazwa hata bila symptoms. Zawadi anajiweka kwa serious risk. Ujuzi bila action haitoshi.
Zawadi visited a health clinic. She learnt about PrEP and used condoms. Her boyfriend started ARVs. His viral load became undetectable (U=U). Both stayed healthy and made informed choices. ✅Zawadi alienda kliniki ya afya. Alijifunza kuhusu PrEP na kutumia kondom. Mchumba wake alianza ARV. Mzigo wake wa virusi ukawa hauwezi kugundulikana (U=U). Wote wawili walibaki na afya na kufanya maamuzi sahihi. ✅Zawadi alienda health clinic. Alijifunza kuhusu PrEP na kutumia condoms. Boyfriend wake alianza ARVs. Viral load yake ikawa undetectable (U=U). Wote wawili walibaki healthy na kufanya informed choices. ✅
Brian, 17, Nairobi, is pressured by friends to skip using a condom. They say 'You look clean, she looks clean — you'll be fine.'Brian, miaka 17, Nairobi, anashinikizwa na marafiki asitumie kondom. Wanasema 'Unaonekana safi, yeye anaonekana safi — utakuwa sawa.'Brian, miaka 17, Nairobi, anashinikizwa na friends asitumie condom. Wanasema 'Unaonekana safi, yeye anaonekana safi — utakuwa poa.'
What is the right choice for Brian?Chaguo sahihi kwa Brian ni lipi?Right choice kwa Brian ni ipi?
HIV and STIs have NO visible signs. Looking 'clean' means nothing. Brian is taking a serious gamble with his health — and peer pressure is never a good reason to risk your life.HIV na STI hazina dalili zinazoonekana. Kuonekana 'safi' haikusema chochote. Brian anacheza kamari na afya yake — na shinikizo la rika si sababu nzuri ya kuhatarisha maisha yako.HIV na STIs hazina visible signs. Kuonekana 'safi' haikusema kitu. Brian anafanya gamble na health yake — peer pressure si sababu nzuri ya kuhatarisha maisha yako.
Brian refused to be pressured. He used a condom correctly. Later, he found out one of the people in his friend group was HIV-positive but did not know it. His decision protected him. ✅Brian alikataa kushinikizwa. Alitumia kondom ipasavyo. Baadaye, aligundua mtu mmoja katika kikundi cha marafiki wake alikuwa na HIV lakini hakujua. Uamuzi wake ulimlinda. ✅Brian alikataa kupressurwa. Alitumia condom correctly. Baadaye, aligundua mtu mmoja kwa friend group yake alikuwa na HIV lakini hakujua. Decision yake ilimlinda. ✅
🛡️ Protecting Yourself — Practical StepsHatua za Vitendo za KujilindaPractical Steps za Kujilinda
HIV is preventable. Here is your personal action plan.HIV inaweza kuzuiwa. Hapa kuna mpango wako wa hatua za kibinafsi.HIV inaweza kuzuiwa. Hapa ni personal action plan yako.
Choose abstinence or use condoms correctly EVERY timeChagua kujizuia au tumia kondom ipasavyo KILA wakatiChagua abstinence au tumia condom correctly KILA wakati
Get tested — know your status, it is free and confidentialJipime — jua hali yako, ni bure na ya siriJipime — jua status yako, ni free na confidential
Never share needles, razors, or any blood-contact itemsUsishiriki sindano, wembe, au vitu vyovyote vinavyogusa damuUsishiriki sindano, wembe, au vitu vinavyogusa damu
If exposed: seek PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis) within 72 hoursUkiathiriwa: tafuta PEP (Matibabu Baada ya Mfiduo) ndani ya masaa 72Ukiathiriwa: tafuta PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis) ndani ya hours 72
Support peers living with HIV — fight stigma togetherSaidia rika wanaoishi na HIV — pigana na unyanyapaa pamojaSupport peers wanaoishi na HIV — fight stigma pamoja
Street Talk
HIV haitasimama. Lakini WEWE unaweza kuisimamisha kwako. Jipime. Jilinde. Saidia wenzako. Sio aibu — ni ujasiri.HIV haikusimamisha. Lakini unaweza kuiepuka. Jipime. Jilinde.HIV haitasimama yenyewe. Lakini WEWE unaweza kuisimamisha kwako. Jipime. Jilinde. Support wenzako. Sio aibu — ni ujasiri.
✍️ ReflectionTafakariReflection
1. What would you say to a friend who refuses to get tested for HIV because they are 'afraid of the result'?1. Ungemwambia nini rafiki yako anayekataa kujipima HIV kwa sababu 'anaogopa matokeo'?1. Ungemwambia nini friend yako anayekataa kujipima HIV kwa sababu 'anaogopa results'?
2. Describe THREE ways you can reduce HIV risk in your own life over the next year.2. Eleza NJIA TATU unazoweza kupunguza hatari ya HIV maishani mwako mwaka ujao.2. Describe NJIA TATU za kupunguza HIV risk maishani mwako kwa mwaka ujao.
✍️ My Reflection (private)✍️ Tafakari Yangu (ya siri)✍️ Mawazo Yangu (siri)
Complete all parts. 15/25 (60%) to earn your certificate.Kamilisha sehemu zote. 15/25 kupata cheti.Fanya sehemu zote. 15/25 kupata certificate.
Part A: MCQ — 10 marksSehemu A: MCQPart A: MCQ
1. HIV stands for:1. HIV inamaanisha:1. HIV inamaanisha:
AHuman Immunity VirusVirusi ya Kinga ya BinadamuHuman Immunity Virus
BHuman Immunodeficiency VirusVirusi ya Upungufu wa Kinga MwiliniHuman Immunodeficiency Virus
CHigh Infection VirusVirusi ya Maambukizi ya JuuHigh Infection Virus
DHuman Infection VirusVirusi ya Maambukizi ya BinadamuHuman Infection Virus
2. AIDS is the advanced stage of HIV infection when:2. UKIMWI ni hatua ya juu ya maambukizi ya HIV wakati:2. AIDS ni advanced stage ya HIV wakati:
AThe person gains weightMtu anapata uzitoMtu anapata uzito
BThe immune system is severely damaged and opportunistic infections occurMfumo wa kinga umeharibika sana na magonjwa ya fursa hutokeaImmune system imeharibiwa sana na opportunistic infections hutokea
DThe person feels very healthyMtu anahisi afya sanaMtu anahisi healthy sana
3. HIV is transmitted through:3. HIV husambazwa kupitia:3. HIV husambazwa kupitia:
ASharing food or drinksKushiriki chakula au vinywajiKushiriki chakula au vinywaji
BMosquito bitesKuumwa na mbuKuumwa na mbu
CUnprotected sex, infected blood, and mother-to-childNgono isiyo salama, damu yenye maambukizi, na mama kwenda mtotoUnprotected sex, infected blood, na mother-to-child
DHugging or shaking handsKukumbatia au kushikana mikonoKukumbatia au kushikana mikono
4. ARVs (antiretrovirals) are medicines that:4. ARV ni dawa zinazo:4. ARVs ni dawa zinazofanya:
ACure HIV completelyPonya HIV kabisaCure HIV kabisa
BControl HIV, allowing people to live long healthy livesDhibiti HIV, kuruhusu watu kuishi maisha marefu ya afyaControl HIV, kuruhusu watu kuishi maisha marefu ya afya
CPrevent HIV infectionZuia maambukizi ya HIVPrevent HIV infection
DKill the HIV virus instantlyUa virusi ya HIV mara mojaKill HIV virus mara moja
5. Which STI is caused by a bacterium and can be cured with antibiotics?5. STI ipi husababishwa na bakteria na inaweza kuponywa na antibiotiki?5. STI ipi husababishwa na bacteria na inaweza kuponywa na antibiotics?
AHIVHIVHIV
BHerpesHerpesHerpes
CGonorrhoeaKisononoGonorrhoea
DHPVHPVHPV
6. The ONLY 100% effective way to prevent HIV/STI transmission through sex is:6. Njia PEKEE yenye ufanisi wa 100% ya kuzuia maambukizi ya HIV/STI kupitia ngono ni:6. Njia PEKEE yenye 100% effectiveness ya kuzuia HIV/STI transmission kupitia sex ni:
AWashing after sexKuosha baada ya ngonoKuosha baada ya sex
BGuessing safe daysKukisia siku salamaKukisia safe days
APre-Recorded Exposure PlanMpango wa Mfiduo UlioandaliwaPre-Recorded Exposure Plan
BPre-Exposure ProphylaxisMatibabu ya Kuzuia Kabla ya MfiduoPre-Exposure Prophylaxis
CPost-Rapid Exposure PreventionKuzuia Mfiduo Baada ya HarakaPost-Rapid Exposure Prevention
DPartial Resistance to Exposure PillsVidonge vya Upinzani wa MfiduoPartial Resistance Exposure Pills
8. HIV-related stigma is harmful because:8. Unyanyapaa unaohusiana na HIV ni hatari kwa sababu:8. HIV stigma ni harmful kwa sababu:
AIt helps people recover fasterHusaidia watu kupona harakaHusaidia watu kupona haraka
BIt discourages people from testing and seeking treatmentHuvunja moyo watu kujipima na kutafuta matibabuHuzuia watu kujipima na kutafuta treatment
CIt makes HIV tests more accurateHufanya vipimo vya HIV kuwa sahihi zaidiHufanya HIV tests kuwa accurate zaidi
DIt reduces infection ratesHupunguza viwango vya maambukiziHupunguza infection rates
9. In Kenya, HIV testing for adolescents is:9. Nchini Kenya, upimaji wa HIV kwa vijana ni:9. Kenya, HIV testing kwa vijana ni:
AIllegal under 18Haramu chini ya 18Haramu chini ya 18
BAvailable free at public health facilitiesInapatikana bure katika vituo vya afya vya ummaInapatikana free kwa public health facilities
CExpensive and requires parental consentGhali na inahitaji idhini ya mzaziExpensive na inahitaji parental consent
DOnly available in NairobiInapatikana Nairobi tuInapatikana Nairobi tu
10. An HIV-positive person living on ARVs can:10. Mtu mwenye VVU anayetumia ARV anaweza:10. HIV-positive person anayelive on ARVs anaweza:
ANever have childrenAsipate watoto kamweAsipate watoto kamwe
BNever work or go to schoolAsifanye kazi au shule kamweAsifanye kazi au shule kamwe
CLive a long healthy life, work, study, and have childrenAishi maisha marefu ya afya, afanye kazi, asomee, apate watotoLive long healthy life, kazi, kusoma, na kupata watoto
DInfect everyone around themAambukie watu wote karibu nayeAambukie kila mtu karibu naye
Part B: Fill Blanks — 5 marksSehemu B: Jaza NafasiPart B: Fill Blanks
1. HIV attacks the body's ______ system, reducing its ability to fight infections. 1. HIV hushambulia mfumo wa ______ wa mwili, kupunguza uwezo wake wa kupigana na magonjwa. 1. HIV hushambulia ______ system ya mwili, kupunguza uwezo wa kupigana na magonjwa.
2. ARV stands for ______-retroviral medication. 2. ARV inamaanisha dawa ya ______-retrovirasi. 2. ARV inamaanisha ______-retroviral medication.
3. The only 100% effective prevention against sexual HIV transmission is ______. 3. Kinga pekee yenye ufanisi wa 100% dhidi ya maambukizi ya HIV ya kingono ni ______. 3. Kinga pekee yenye 100% effectiveness dhidi ya sexual HIV transmission ni ______.
4. PrEP is a medicine taken ______ to prevent HIV in HIV-negative people. 4. PrEP ni dawa inayochukuliwa ______ kuzuia HIV kwa watu wasio na VVU. 4. PrEP ni dawa inayochukuliwa ______ kuzuia HIV kwa HIV-negative people.
5. When HIV viral load is undetectable, the virus is ______. 5. Wakati mzigo wa virusi ya HIV hauwezi kugundulika, virusi ni ______. 5. Wakati HIV viral load haiwezi kudetectiwa, virusi ni ______.
Part C: Short Answer — 10 marksSehemu C: Jibu FupiPart C: Short Answer
Explain THREE ways HIV can be transmitted and ONE way it CANNOT be transmitted (3 marks). (3 marks marks)Eleza NJIA TATU ambazo HIV inaweza kusambazwa na NJIA MOJA ambayo HAIWEZI kusambazwa (alama 3).Explain NJIA TATU za HIV transmission na NJIA MOJA ambayo HAIWEZI kusambazwa (marks 3).
Describe what ARVs do and explain why people with HIV should start them early (4 marks). (4 marks marks)Eleza ARV zinachofanya na kwa nini watu wenye HIV wanapaswa kuanza mapema (alama 4).Describe ARVs zinachofanya na kwa nini HIV-positive people wanapaswa kuanza mapema (marks 4).
Explain TWO reasons why HIV stigma is dangerous for communities (3 marks). (3 marks marks)Eleza SABABU MBILI kwa nini unyanyapaa wa HIV ni hatari kwa jamii (alama 3).Explain SABABU MBILI kwa nini HIV stigma ni dangerous kwa communities (marks 3).