📋 By the end of this lesson:📋 Mwishoni mwa somo:📋 Lesson hii ikisha:
Explain how cocaine and heroin affect the brain's reward systemEleza jinsi kokeni na heroini zinavyoathiri mfumo wa thawabu wa ubongoEleza jinsi cocaine na heroin zinavyoathiri brain's reward system
Describe the physical dangers of heroin injection and overdoseEleza hatari za kimwili za sindano ya heroini na overdoseEleza physical dangers za heroin injection na overdose
Recognise overdose signs and describe the correct emergency responseTambua ishara za overdose na eleza mwitikio sahihi wa dharuraTambua overdose signs na eleza correct emergency response
Apply refusal strategies and identify support resourcesTumia mikakati ya kukataa na tambua rasilimali za msaadaApply refusal strategies na tambua support resources
🔍 Big Question: Why is 'I'll just try it once' the most dangerous sentence you could ever say about cocaine or heroin?🔍 Swali Kubwa: Kwa nini 'nitajaribu mara moja tu' ni sentensi hatari zaidi unayoweza kusema kuhusu kokeni au heroini?🔍 Big Question: Kwa nini 'I'll just try it once' ni most dangerous sentence unayoweza kusema kuhusu cocaine au heroin?
❄️ Cocaine — The Fast AddictionKokeni — Uraibu wa HarakaCocaine — Uraibu wa Haraka
Cocaine is one of the most addictive substances known to science. Understanding how it works is your best protection.Kokeni ni mojawapo ya vitu vya kulevya zaidi vinavyojulikana na sayansi. Kuelewa jinsi inavyofanya kazi ni ulinzi wako bora.Cocaine ni mojawapo ya most addictive substances inayojulikana na sayansi. Kuelewa jinsi inavyofanya kazi ni best protection yako.
🔑 How Cocaine Works🔑 Jinsi Kokeni Inavyofanya Kazi🔑 Jinsi Cocaine Inavyofanya KaziCocaine blocks dopamine reuptake — dopamine floods the brain causing intense but short euphoria. Receptors burn out fast. Without cocaine the brain cannot generate normal pleasure, causing deep depression and intense craving.Kokeni inazuia kurudishwa kwa dopamine — dopamine inajaza ubongo ikisababisha furaha kali lakini ya muda mfupi. Vipokezi vinachoka haraka. Bila kokeni ubongo hauwezi kuzalisha raha ya kawaida, na kusababisha unyogovu na kutamani kwa nguvu.Cocaine inazuia dopamine reuptake — dopamine inajaza ubongo ikisababisha intense euphoria ya muda mfupi. Receptors zinachoka haraka. Bila cocaine ubongo hauwezi kuzalisha normal pleasure, ikisababisha deep depression na intense craving.
Form ENAina SWAina SH
Route ENNjia SWNjia SH
Onset ENMwanzo SWMwanzo SH
Main Risk ENHatari Kuu SWHatari Kuu SH
Powder cocaineKokeni ya ungaPowder cocaine
SnortedKuvuta puaSnorted
3–5 minMin 3–5Min 3–5
Heart attack, nasal damageMshtuko wa moyo, uharibifu wa puaHeart attack, nasal damage
⚠️ Kenya Reality⚠️ Hali ya Kenya⚠️ Kenya Reality Cocaine and crack use is rising in Nairobi, Mombasa, and Kisumu, partly due to drug trafficking through Kenya's coast. Street cocaine is almost always mixed with other harmful substances. There is no 'pure' street cocaine. Matumizi ya kokeni na crack yanaongezeka Nairobi, Mombasa, na Kisumu, kwa sehemu kutokana na usafirishaji wa dawa kupitia pwani ya Kenya. Kokeni ya mitaani mara zote huchanganywa na vitu hatarishi vingine. Cocaine na crack use inaongezeka Nairobi, Mombasa, na Kisumu, ikichochewa na drug trafficking kupitia Kenya coast. Street cocaine mara zote huchanganywa na harmful substances nyingine.
💉 Heroin — The Physical TrapHeroini — Mtego wa KimwiliHeroin — Mtego wa Kimwili
Heroin creates one of the most brutal physical addictions known to medicine — and one of the most dangerous to life.Heroini huunda mojawapo ya uraibu wa kimwili wa kutisha zaidi unaojulikana na dawa — na mojawapo ya hatari zaidi kwa maisha.Heroin huunda mojawapo ya most brutal physical addictions inayojulikana na medicine — na mojawapo ya most dangerous.
🔑 How Heroin Works🔑 Jinsi Heroini Inavyofanya Kazi🔑 Jinsi Heroin Inavyofanya KaziHeroin converts to morphine in the brain and binds to opioid receptors — intense pain relief and euphoria. Physical dependence develops in days. Without it: brutal withdrawal. Overdose stops breathing.Heroini inabadilika kuwa morphine kwenye ubongo na inaunganika na vipokezi vya opioid — maumivu makali kupungua na furaha. Utegemezi wa kimwili hukua kwa siku chache. Bila hiyo: kujiepusha kwa nguvu. Overdose inasimamisha kupumua.Heroin inabadilika kuwa morphine kwenye ubongo na inaunganika na opioid receptors — intense pain relief na euphoria. Physical dependence hukua kwa siku chache. Bila hiyo: brutal withdrawal. Overdose inasimamisha kupumua.
Stage ENHatua SWHatua SH
What Happens ENKinachotokea SWKinachotokea SH
First use (rush)Matumizi ya kwanza (haraka)First use (rush)
Regular use (days/weeks)Matumizi ya kawaida (siku/wiki)Regular use (siku/wiki)
Tolerance builds — needs more drug for same effectUvumilivu huongezeka — inahitaji dawa zaidi kwa athari sawaTolerance huongezeka — inahitaji dawa zaidi kwa same effect
Withdrawal (hours without drug)Kujiepusha (masaa bila dawa)Withdrawal (masaa bila dawa)
Muscle cramps, vomiting, diarrhoea, sweating, insomnia, extreme anxiety — days of agonyMaumivu ya misuli, kutapika, kuhara, kutoka jasho, kukosa usingizi, wasiwasi mkubwa — siku za maumivuMuscle cramps, kutapika, kuhara, sweating, insomnia, extreme anxiety — siku za agony
OverdoseOverdoseOverdose
Breathing slows and stops — death without naloxoneKupumua kupungua na kusimama — kifo bila naloxoneKupumua kupungua na kusimama — kifo bila naloxone
🇰🇪 Kenya Stat
Matumizi ya heroini yameongezeka pwani ya Kenya — Mombasa, Malindi, Kilifi. Wengine wanaingizwa heroini bila kujua. Sindano moja ya pamoja inaweza kumaanisha ugonjwa wa maisha yote.Heroini inaongezeka pwani ya Kenya. Sindano moja ya pamoja inaweza kumaanisha ugonjwa wa maisha yote.Heroin use imeongezeka pwani ya Kenya — Mombasa, Malindi, Kilifi. Wengine wanaingizwa heroin bila kujua. Sindano moja ya pamoja inaweza kumaanisha lifetime disease.
🚨 Overdose — Signs & Emergency ResponseOverdose — Ishara na Mwitikio wa DharuraOverdose — Signs & Emergency Response
Both cocaine and heroin can kill with a single use. Knowing overdose signs can save a life.Kokeni na heroini zote mbili zinaweza kuua kwa matumizi moja. Kujua ishara za overdose kunaweza kuokoa maisha.Cocaine na heroin zote mbili zinaweza kuua kwa single use. Kujua overdose signs kunaweza kuokoa maisha.
Cocaine OD Sign ENIshara ya Overdose ya Kokeni SWIshara ya Overdose ya Cocaine SH
Heroin OD Sign ENIshara ya Overdose ya Heroini SWIshara ya Overdose ya Heroin SH
Very high temperature, sweatingJoto kali sana, kutoka jashoVery high temperature, sweating
Pinpoint (very small) pupilsMboni ndogo sana za machoPinpoint pupils — very small
💡 Emergency Response💡 Mwitikio wa Dharura💡 Emergency Response If someone collapses after drugs: 1. Call 999/112 immediately. 2. Put in recovery position (on their side). 3. Do NOT leave them. 4. Do NOT make them vomit. 5. Tell emergency services what was taken. Mtu akizimia baada ya dawa: 1. Piga simu 999/112 mara moja. 2. Weka nafasi ya kupona (upande wao). 3. USIMWAACHE peke yake. 4. USIJARIBU kuwafanya watapike. 5. Ambia huduma za dharura dawa iliyochukuliwa. Mtu akicollapse baada ya drugs: 1. Call 999/112 mara moja. 2. Weka recovery position (upande wao). 3. USIMWAACHE peke yake. 4. USIJARIBU kuwafanya watapike. 5. Ambia emergency services dawa iliyochukuliwa.
🌅 Recovery & Where to Get HelpKupona na Wapi Kupata MsaadaRecovery & Wapi Kupata Msaada
Addiction is a brain disease — not a moral failure. Recovery is real and possible with the right support.Uraibu ni ugonjwa wa ubongo — si kushindwa kwa maadili. Kupona ni halisi na kunawezekana kwa msaada sahihi.Addiction si moral failure — ni brain disease. Recovery ni real na inawezekana na right support.
NACADA Kenya: 0800 723 253 — free, 24/7 drug addiction helplineNACADA Kenya: 0800 723 253 — mstari wa msaada wa bure, 24/7 kwa uraibu wa dawaNACADA Kenya: 0800 723 253 — free, 24/7 helpline kwa drug addiction
Mathare Hospital Nairobi & Coast General Hospital Mombasa have addiction treatment unitsHospitali ya Mathare Nairobi na Hospitali ya Jumla ya Pwani Mombasa zina vitengo vya matibabu ya uraibuMathare Hospital Nairobi na Coast General Hospital Mombasa zina addiction treatment units
Recovery is possible — many people recover fully with treatment and community supportKupona kunawezekana — watu wengi wanapona kabisa kwa matibabu na msaada wa jamiiRecovery inawezekana — watu wengi wanapona fully na treatment na community support
If a friend is using hard drugs: do NOT enable them — encourage professional help urgentlyRafiki akitumia dawa ngumu: USIFANYE iwe rahisi — mhimize kupata msaada wa kitaalamu harakaRafiki akitumia hard drugs: USIENABLE — mhimize kupata professional help haraka
🇰🇪 Zawadi's Brother — KisumuKaka ya Zawadi — KisumuZawadi's Brother — KisumuZawadi's older brother became addicted to heroin at 19 while at university in Mombasa. For two years the family was desperate. With NACADA support and inpatient treatment at Coast General, he completed a 6-month rehabilitation programme. He is now 25, working, and speaks in schools about his experience. 'Getting help was the hardest and best thing I ever did.'Kaka mkubwa wa Zawadi alipata uraibu wa heroini akiwa na umri wa miaka 19 alipokuwa chuo Mombasa. Kwa miaka miwili familia ilikata tamaa. Kwa msaada wa NACADA na matibabu ya kulazwa Hospitali ya Pwani, alikamilisha programu ya ukarabati ya miezi 6. Sasa ana miaka 25, anafanya kazi, na anazungumza shuleni. 'Kupata msaada ilikuwa jambo gumu na bora kabisa niliwahi kufanya.'Kaka mkubwa wa Zawadi alipata heroin addiction akiwa miaka 19 alipokuwa university Mombasa. Kwa miaka miwili family ilikata tamaa. Na NACADA support na inpatient treatment Coast General, alikamilisha rehabilitation ya miezi 6. Sasa ana miaka 25, anafanya kazi, na anazungumza shuleni. 'Kupata help ilikuwa hardest na best thing I ever did.'
🎬 Module VideoVideo ya ModuliModule Video
Watch carefully, then continue to the scenarios.Tazama kwa makini, kisha endelea.Watch kwa makini, kisha endelea.
🎬
Module Video
Your teacher will upload this video.Mwalimu wako ataipakia.Teacher wako ataupload.
📁 /uploads/media/cocaine-heroin.mp4
🎭 Real Talk — What Would You Do?Mazungumzo ya KweliReal Talk — Ungefanya Nini?
Pick your choice and see the consequence.Chagua na uone matokeo.Chagua yako uone consequence.
Omondi, 17, Kisumu, is at a party and is offered cocaine. The person says 'it'll make you feel amazing — just try it once, you can stop whenever you want.'Omondi, miaka 17, Kisumu, yuko kwenye karamu na anapewa kokeni. Mtu anasema 'itakufanya ujisikie vizuri sana — jaribu mara moja, unaweza kuacha utakapotaka.'Omondi, miaka 17, Kisumu, yuko kwa party na anapewa cocaine. Mtu anasema 'itakufanya ujisikie amazing — just try it once, unaweza stop unapotaka.'
What should Omondi do?Omondi afanye nini?Omondi afanye nini?
'You can stop whenever you want' is exactly what cocaine tells every user before they become addicted. The brain's reward system can be hijacked after very few uses. There is no safe 'just once' with cocaine.'Unaweza kuacha utakapotaka' ni hasa kile kokeni inawaambia watumiaji wote kabla hawajalevya. Mfumo wa thawabu wa ubongo unaweza kuibwa baada ya matumizi machache sana. Hakuna 'mara moja tu' salama na kokeni.'Unaweza stop unapotaka' ni exactly kile cocaine inawaambia watumiaji wote kabla hawajapata addiction. Hakuna safe 'just once' na cocaine.
Omondi said: 'That's cocaine — no thanks, I know what it does.' He moved away and called his cousin to pick him up. The person offering later became addicted and dropped out of school. Omondi's firm 'No' saved his future. ✅Omondi alisema: 'Hiyo ni kokeni — asante lakini hapana, ninajua inachofanya.' Alisogea mbali na akampigia simu binamu yake kumchukua. Mtu aliyempa baadaye alipata uraibu na kuacha shule. 'Hapana' ya Omondi iliokolea mustakabali wake. ✅Omondi alisema: 'Hiyo ni cocaine — no thanks, najua inachofanya.' Alisogea mbali na akampigia simu cousin yake. Mtu aliyempa baadaye alipata addiction na kudrop shule. 'No' ya Omondi iliokoa future yake. ✅
Amina, 16, Mombasa, finds her older sister unconscious at home. There is a syringe nearby and her lips look bluish. She is breathing very slowly.Amina, miaka 16, Mombasa, anamkuta dada yake mkubwa amepoteza fahamu nyumbani. Kuna sindano karibu na midomo yake inaonekana ya buluu. Anapumua polepole sana.Amina, miaka 16, Mombasa, anamkuta older sister wake amepoteza consciousness nyumbani. Kuna syringe karibu na midomo yake inaonekana bluish. Anapumua polepole sana.
What must Amina do immediately?Amina lazima afanye nini mara moja?Amina lazima afanye nini immediately?
Blue lips and very slow breathing are heroin overdose signs (respiratory depression). Without naloxone or emergency oxygen, breathing will stop completely. Every minute without help reduces survival chances. Waiting gambles with her sister's life.Midomo ya buluu na kupumua polepole sana ni ishara za overdose ya heroini. Bila naloxone au oksijeni ya dharura, kupumua kutasimama kabisa. Kila dakika bila msaada hupunguza nafasi za maisha. Kusubiri ni kamari na maisha ya dada yake.Blue lips na very slow breathing ni heroin overdose signs. Bila naloxone au emergency oxygen, kupumua kutasimama kabisa. Kila dakika bila help hupunguza survival chances. Kusubiri ni gambling na maisha ya sister wake.
Amina called 999 immediately and described exactly what she saw. She turned her sister into recovery position (on her side). The ambulance arrived in 10 minutes with naloxone. Her sister survived. The doctor said: 'Her call saved her life — two more minutes and it would have been too late.' ✅Amina alipiga simu 999 mara moja na kueleza hasa alichoona. Alimgeuza dada yake katika nafasi ya kupona (upande wake). Ambulensi ilifika dakika 10 na kutoa naloxone. Dada yake aliokoka. Daktari alisema: 'Simu yake iliokoa maisha yake.' ✅Amina alipiga simu 999 mara moja na kueleza exactly alichoona. Alimgeuza sister wake recovery position. Ambulance ilifika dakika 10 na kutoa naloxone. Sister wake aliokoka. Daktari alisema: 'Simu yake iliokoa maisha yake — dakika mbili zaidi na ingekuwa too late.' ✅
🛡️ Refusal & Protection StrategiesMikakati ya Kukataa na KujilindaRefusal & Protection Strategies
Cocaine and heroin are present in Kenya. Knowing how to say no could save your life.Kokeni na heroini zipo Kenya. Kujua jinsi ya kusema hapana kunaweza kuokoa maisha yako.Cocaine na heroin zipo Kenya. Kujua jinsi ya kusema No kunaweza kuokoa maisha yako.
Say clearly: "I don't use hard drugs — not now, not ever."Sema wazi: "Situmii dawa ngumu — sasa hivi, kamwe."Sema wazi: "Situmii hard drugs — not now, not ever."
Never accept drinks or food from strangers at parties — they may be lacedUsikubali vinywaji au chakula kutoka kwa wageni kwenye karamu — vinaweza kuwa vimechanganywaUsikubali vinywaji au food kutoka kwa strangers kwa parties — vinaweza kuwa laced
Avoid environments where hard drugs are present — leave immediatelyEpuka mazingira ambapo dawa ngumu zipo — toka mara mojaEpuka environments ambapo hard drugs zipo — toka mara moja
If a 'friend' pressures you to try hard drugs — that person is not your friendUkishinikizwa na 'rafiki' kujaribu dawa ngumu — mtu huyo si rafiki yakoUkishinikizwa na 'friend' kujaribu hard drugs — mtu huyo si friend yako
Trust your instincts — if something feels wrong, leave without explainingAmini hisia zako — kitu kikihisi kibaya, toka bila kuelezaTrust instincts zako — kitu kikihisi vibaya, toka bila kueleza
Street Talk
Hakuna mtu aliyeanza kutumia kokeni au heroini akiamini atakuwa mraibu. Kila mraibu alifikiria atadhibiti. Ubongo haukubaliani. Jibu pekee ni kamwe kuanza.Hakuna mtu aliyeanza akiamini atakuwa mraibu. Ubongo haukubaliani. Jibu pekee: kamwe kuanza.Hakuna mtu aliyeanza cocaine au heroin akiamini atakuwa addict. Kila addict alifikiria atadhibiti. Ubongo haukubaliani. Jibu pekee ni kamwe kuanza.
✍️ ReflectionTafakariReflection
1. Why is heroin withdrawal so physically painful, and why does this make stopping without medical help almost impossible?1. Kwa nini kujiepusha na heroini ni chungu sana kimwili, na kwa nini hii inafanya kuacha bila msaada wa kimatibabu kuwa karibu haiwezekani?1. Kwa nini heroin withdrawal ni so physically painful, na kwa nini hii inafanya stopping bila medical help kuwa almost impossible?
2. Write what you would do step by step if you found a friend unconscious after taking drugs.2. Andika unachofanya hatua kwa hatua ukimkuta rafiki amepoteza fahamu baada ya kuchukua dawa.2. Andika unachofanya step by step ukimkuta friend amepoteza consciousness baada ya kuchukua drugs.
✍️ My Reflection (private)✍️ Tafakari Yangu (ya siri)✍️ Mawazo Yangu (siri)
Complete all parts. 15/25 (60%) to earn your certificate.Kamilisha sehemu zote. 15/25 kupata cheti.Fanya sehemu zote. 15/25 kupata certificate.
Part A: MCQ — 10 marksSehemu A: MCQPart A: MCQ
1. Cocaine primarily works by:1. Kokeni hufanya kazi hasa kwa:1. Cocaine hufanya kazi hasa kwa:
ASlowing the brain downKupunguza kasi ya ubongoKupunguza kasi ya ubongo
BFlooding the brain with dopamine, creating intense euphoria and rapid addictionKumwaga dopamine nyingi kwenye ubongo, kuunda furaha kubwa na uraibu wa harakaKumwaga dopamine nyingi kwenye ubongo, kuunda intense euphoria na rapid addiction
CCausing sedation and sleepKusababisha usingiziKusababisha usingizi
DOnly affecting the lungsKuathiri mapafu tuKuathiri mapafu tu
2. Heroin belongs to which drug class?2. Heroini ni ya kikundi gani cha dawa?2. Heroin ni ya drug class ipi?
AStimulantsVichocheziStimulants
BOpioids — derived from opium/morphineOpioids — inatokana na opium/morphineOpioids — inatokana na opium/morphine
CHallucinogensDawa za kuona mambo yasiyo ya kweliHallucinogens
DCannabisBangiCannabis
3. Sharing needles to inject heroin is extremely dangerous because:3. Kushiriki sindano za heroini ni hatari sana kwa sababu:3. Kushiriki needles za heroin ni hatari sana kwa sababu:
ANeedles are expensiveSindano ni ghaliSindano ni expensive
BIt directly transmits HIV, Hepatitis B and C, and other blood-borne infectionsHusambaza moja kwa moja HIV, Hepatitis B na C, na maambukizi ya damuHusambaza directly HIV, Hepatitis B na C, na blood-borne infections
COnly the first person is at riskMtu wa kwanza tu yuko hatariniFirst person tu yuko hatarini
DIt reduces the drug effectHupunguza athari ya dawaHupunguza drug effect
4. A cocaine or heroin overdose can cause:4. Overdose ya kokeni au heroini inaweza kusababisha:4. Overdose ya cocaine au heroin inaweza kusababisha:
AOnly a headacheMaumivu ya kichwa tuHeadache tu
BRespiratory failure, cardiac arrest, seizures, coma, and deathKushindwa kupumua, mshtuko wa moyo, degedege, kukosa fahamu, na kifoRespiratory failure, cardiac arrest, seizures, coma, na kifo
5. Withdrawal from heroin is:5. Kuacha heroini ni:5. Withdrawal kutoka heroin ni:
AEasy and briefRahisi na fupiEasy na fupi
BExtremely physically painful — muscle cramps, vomiting, sweating, insomnia lasting daysChungu sana kimwili — maumivu ya misuli, kutapika, kutoka jasho, kukosa usingizi kwa siku nyingiExtremely painful kimwili — muscle cramps, kutapika, sweating, insomnia kwa siku nyingi
CComfortable with no symptomsStarehe bila daliliComfortable bila symptoms
DOnly psychological, not physicalYa kisaikolojia tu, si ya kimwiliYa kisaikolojia tu, si ya kimwili
BA smokable, highly addictive form of cocaine with faster and more intense effectsAina ya kokeni inayoweza kuvutwa, yenye uraibu mkubwa na athari za haraka na kali zaidiSmokable, highly addictive form ya cocaine na faster na more intense effects
CA weaker form of cocaineAina dhaifu ya kokeniWeaker form ya cocaine
DA legal pain medicationDawa ya kisheria ya maumivuLegal pain medication
7. Why does cocaine and heroin addiction develop so fast?7. Kwa nini uraibu wa kokeni na heroini unaendelea haraka sana?7. Kwa nini cocaine na heroin addiction inaendelea haraka sana?
AThey are natural substancesNi vitu vya asiliNi natural substances
BThey hijack the brain's dopamine reward system — the brain stops producing natural pleasure without the drugZinaiba mfumo wa dopamine wa ubongo — ubongo huacha kuzalisha raha ya asili bila dawaZinaiba dopamine reward system ya ubongo — ubongo huacha kuzalisha natural pleasure bila dawa
CUsers want to get sickWatumiaji wanataka kuuguaWatumiaji wanataka kuugua
DThey are cheap and accessibleNi bei nafuu na zinapatikanaNi cheap na accessible
8. Which Kenyan institution provides treatment for hard drug addiction?8. Taasisi gani ya Kenya hutoa matibabu ya uraibu wa dawa ngumu?8. Taasisi gani ya Kenya hutoa treatment ya hard drug addiction?
AKenya Revenue AuthorityMamlaka ya Mapato KenyaKenya Revenue Authority
BNACADA — National Authority for Campaign Against Drug AbuseNACADA — Mamlaka ya Taifa ya Kampeni Dhidi ya Dawa za KulevyaNACADA — National Authority for Campaign Against Drug Abuse
CKNECKNECKNEC
DKenya PowerKenya PowerKenya Power
9. If you find a friend collapsed after taking drugs, the FIRST action is:9. Ukimkuta rafiki amezimia baada ya kuchukua dawa, HATUA YA KWANZA ni:9. Ukimkuta friend amecollapse baada ya kuchukua drugs, FIRST action ni:
AWait and see if they wake upSubiri na uone kama wataaamkaSubiri na uone kama wataaamka
BCall 999/112 immediately and do not leave them alonePiga simu 999/112 mara moja na usimwaache peke yakeCall 999/112 mara moja na usimwaache peke yake
CTry to make them vomitJaribu kuwafanya watapikeJaribu kuwafanya watapike
DPost about it on social mediaChapisha kwenye mitandaoPost kwa social media
10. The best protection against cocaine and heroin addiction is:10. Kinga bora dhidi ya uraibu wa kokeni na heroini ni:10. Best protection dhidi ya cocaine na heroin addiction ni:
ATrying once to see what it is likeKujaribu mara moja kuona jinsi inavyohisiKujaribu mara moja kuona jinsi inavyohisi
BNever starting — these drugs create addiction after very few usesKutokuanza kamwe — dawa hizi husababisha uraibu baada ya matumizi machache sanaKutokuanza kamwe — drugs hizi husababisha addiction baada ya uses chache sana
COnly using on weekendsKutumia wikendi tuKutumia weekends tu
DUsing in small amountsKutumia kiasi kidogoKutumia small amounts
Part B: Fill Blanks — 5 marksSehemu B: Jaza NafasiPart B: Fill Blanks
1. Cocaine causes addiction rapidly by flooding the brain with the pleasure chemical ______. 1. Kokeni husababisha uraibu haraka kwa kumwaga kemikali ya raha ya ______ kwenye ubongo. 1. Cocaine husababisha addiction haraka kwa kumwaga ______ nyingi kwenye ubongo.
2. Heroin belongs to the drug class called ______, derived from the opium poppy. 2. Heroini ni ya kikundi cha dawa kinachoitwa ______, inatokana na mmea wa kasumba. 2. Heroin ni ya drug class inayoitwa ______, inatokana na opium poppy.
3. Sharing needles to inject drugs transmits HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis ______. 3. Kushiriki sindano za dawa husambaza HIV, Hepatitis B, na Hepatitis ______. 3. Kushiriki needles za drugs husambaza HIV, Hepatitis B, na Hepatitis ______.
4. The Kenyan authority fighting drug abuse and providing free treatment referrals is ______. 4. Mamlaka ya Kenya inayopigana na matumizi ya dawa na kutoa rufaa za matibabu za bure ni ______. 4. Kenyan authority inayopigana na drug abuse na kutoa free treatment referrals ni ______.
5. A cocaine or heroin overdose can cause breathing to stop — called respiratory ______. 5. Overdose ya kokeni au heroini inaweza kusababisha kupumua kusimama — inaitwa ______ ya kupumua. 5. Overdose ya cocaine au heroin inaweza kusababisha kupumua kusimama — inaitwa respiratory ______.
Part C: Short Answer — 10 marksSehemu C: Jibu FupiPart C: Short Answer
Compare how cocaine and heroin each affect the brain's reward system. Why does this make them so addictive? (3 marks) (3 marks marks)Linganisha jinsi kokeni na heroini zinavyoathiri mfumo wa thawabu wa ubongo. Kwa nini hii huwafanya kuwa wa kulevya sana? (alama 3)Compare jinsi cocaine na heroin zinavyoathiri brain's reward system. Kwa nini hii huwafanya kuwa so addictive? (marks 3)
Explain THREE physical dangers of heroin injection specifically (4 marks) (4 marks marks)Eleza HATARI TATU za kimwili za sindano ya heroini hasa (alama 4)Explain PHYSICAL DANGERS TATU za heroin injection hasa (marks 4)
Why is 'I'll just try it once' an extremely dangerous statement about cocaine or heroin? (3 marks) (3 marks marks)Kwa nini 'nitajaribu mara moja tu' ni kauli hatari sana kuhusu kokeni au heroini? (alama 3)Kwa nini 'I'll just try it once' ni extremely dangerous statement kuhusu cocaine au heroin? (marks 3)