📋 By the end of this lesson:📋 Mwishoni mwa somo:📋 Lesson hii ikisha:
Define adolescence and describe its three phasesFafanua ujana na eleza awamu zake tatuDefine adolescence na describe awamu zake tatu
Identify physical changes in puberty for both boys and girlsTambua mabadiliko ya kimwili wakati wa balehe kwa wavulana na wasichanaIdentify physical changes wakati wa puberty kwa wavulana na wasichana
Explain emotional changes including mood swings and identity explorationEleza mabadiliko ya kihisia ikiwemo mabadiliko ya hisia na utafutaji wa utambulishoEleza emotional changes ikiwemo mood swings na identity exploration
Practise healthy hygiene and self-care during pubertyFanya usafi wenye afya na kujitunza wakati wa balehePractise healthy hygiene na self-care wakati wa puberty
🔍 Big Question: How can understanding the science of puberty help you treat yourself and your peers with more respect and compassion?🔍 Swali Kubwa: Kuelewa sayansi ya balehe kunaweza kukusaidia kuwatendea wewe mwenyewe na rika wako kwa heshima na huruma zaidi vipi?🔍 Big Question: Kuelewa science ya puberty kunaweza kukusaidia kuwatendea wewe mwenyewe na peers wako kwa more respect na compassion vipi?
🌱 What Is Adolescence?Ujana ni Nini?Adolescence ni Nini?
Adolescence is one of the most exciting — and challenging — phases of human life. Understanding it helps you navigate it with confidence.Ujana ni mojawapo ya awamu za kuvutia zaidi — na zinazochallenge zaidi — za maisha ya binadamu. Kuelewa husaidia kupitia kwa ujasiri.Adolescence ni mojawapo ya exciting zaidi — na challenging zaidi — phases za maisha ya binadamu. Kuelewa husaidia kupita kwa confidence.
Phase ENAwamu SWPhase SH
Age ENUmri SWUmri SH
Key Features ENVipengele Muhimu SWKey Features SH
Early AdolescenceUjana wa MapemaEarly Adolescence
10–1310–1310–13
Puberty begins, rapid physical growthBalehe inaanza, ukuaji wa haraka wa kimwiliPuberty inaanza, rapid physical growth
Middle AdolescenceUjana wa KatiMiddle Adolescence
14–1614–1614–16
Peer relationships intensify, identity searchMahusiano ya rika yanakuwa makubwa, utafutaji wa utambulishoPeer relationships zinakuwa kubwa, identity search
Late AdolescenceUjana wa MarehemuLate Adolescence
17–1917–1917–19
More stable identity, future planning, increasing independenceUtambulisho imara zaidi, mipango ya mustakabali, uhuru unaoongezekaMore stable identity, future planning, increasing independence
🇰🇪 Kenya Context
Kenya ina vijana zaidi ya milioni 11 wenye umri kati ya 10–19. Vijana hawa wanachangia karibu 25% ya idadi ya watu na wanawakilisha nguvu kuu ya maendeleo ya taifa.Kenya ina vijana zaidi ya milioni 11 wenye umri kati ya 10–19, karibu 25% ya idadi ya watu.Kenya ina vijana zaidi ya milioni 11 wenye miaka 10–19 — karibu 25% ya population. Vijana hawa ni future ya taifa.
💪 Physical Changes in PubertyMabadiliko ya Kimwili Wakati wa BalehePhysical Changes wakati wa Puberty
Puberty is driven by hormones. ALL these changes are normal — no matter when they start for you.Balehe inachochewa na homoni. Mabadiliko YOTE haya ni ya kawaida — bila kujali wakati yanapoanza kwako.Puberty inachochewa na hormones. Mabadiliko YOTE haya ni normal — bila kujali wakati yanapoanza kwako.
Change ENMabadiliko SWMabadiliko SH
Girls ENWasichana SWWasichana SH
Boys ENWavulana SWWavulana SH
Hair GrowthUkuaji wa NyweleHair Growth
Pubic & underarm hairNywele za sehemu za siri na kwapaPubic & underarm hair
Pubic, underarm & facial hairNywele za sehemu za siri, kwapa, na usoPubic, underarm & facial hair
HeightUrefuHeight
Growth spurt (earlier)Ukuaji wa haraka (mapema)Growth spurt (mapema)
Growth spurt (later, often taller)Ukuaji wa haraka (baadaye, mara nyingi mrefu zaidi)Growth spurt (baadaye, mara nyingi taller)
Body ShapeUmbo la MwiliBody Shape
Wider hips, breast developmentMapana ya nyonga, ukuaji wa matitiWider hips, breast development
Sperm production, wet dreamsUzalishaji wa mbegu, ndoto za mvuaSperm production, wet dreams
BothWote WawiliWote Wawili
Acne, body odour, oily skinChunusi, harufu ya mwili, ngozi yenye mafutaAcne, body odour, oily skin
Acne, body odour, voice changesChunusi, harufu ya mwili, mabadiliko ya sautiAcne, body odour, voice changes
⚠️ Remember⚠️ Kumbuka⚠️ Remember There is NO right age for puberty to start. Girls typically begin 9–13, boys 11–14. Starting earlier or later than peers is NORMAL. Hakuna umri sahihi wa kuanza balehe. Wasichana kawaida huanza 9–13, wavulana 11–14. Kuanza mapema au baadaye kuliko rika ni KAWAIDA. Hakuna right age ya kuanza puberty. Wasichana kawaida huanza 9–13, wavulana 11–14. Kuanza mapema au baadaye kuliko peers ni NORMAL.
🧠 Emotional & Psychological ChangesMabadiliko ya Kihisia na KisaikolojiaEmotional & Psychological Changes
The emotional changes of adolescence are just as real and significant as the physical ones.Mabadiliko ya kihisia ya ujana ni ya kweli na muhimu kama yale ya kimwili.Emotional changes za adolescence ni just as real na significant kama za kimwili.
🔑 Mood Swings🔑 Mabadiliko ya Hisia🔑 Mood SwingsRapid changes in mood caused by hormonal fluctuations — normal and temporary. Not a sign of mental illness.Mabadiliko ya haraka ya hisia yanayosababishwa na mabadiliko ya homoni — ya kawaida na ya muda. Si ishara ya ugonjwa wa akili.Rapid changes za mood zinazosababishwa na hormonal fluctuations — normal na temporary. Si ishara ya mental illness.
🔑 Identity Exploration🔑 Utafutaji wa Utambulisho🔑 Identity ExplorationThe process of asking 'Who am I? What do I believe? Where am I going?' — healthy and necessary.Mchakato wa kuuliza 'Mimi ni nani? Ninaamini nini? Ninaelekea wapi?' — wenye afya na wa lazima.Mchakato wa kuuliza 'Mimi ni nani? Ninaamini nini? Ninaelekea wapi?' — healthy na necessary.
🔑 Need for Independence🔑 Haja ya Uhuru🔑 Need for IndependenceA normal developmental push to make your own decisions — while still needing adult guidance and support.Msukumo wa kawaida wa kimaendeleo kufanya maamuzi yako mwenyewe — huku ukihitaji bado mwongozo na msaada wa watu wazima.Normal developmental push ya kufanya decisions zako mwenyewe — ukihitaji bado adult guidance na support.
🇰🇪 Omondi — KisumuOmondi — KisumuOmondi — KisumuOmondi, 14, was confused by sudden mood changes — happy one hour, angry the next. His uncle explained it was normal hormonal change, not 'madness'. Knowing it was normal helped Omondi manage his emotions better and talk openly about them.Omondi, miaka 14, alichanganyikiwa na mabadiliko ya ghafla ya hisia — furaha saa moja, hasira ijayo. Mjomba wake alimweleza ni mabadiliko ya kawaida ya homoni, si 'wazimu'. Kujua ni kawaida kumwsaidia Omondi kusimamia hisia zake vizuri zaidi na kuzizungumza wazi.Omondi, miaka 14, alichanganyikiwa na sudden mood changes — furaha saa moja, hasira ijayo. Uncle wake alimweleza ni normal hormonal change, si 'wazimu'. Kujua ni normal kulimsaidia Omondi manage hisia zake better na kuzizungumza wazi.
🚿 Hygiene & Self-CareUsafi na KujitunzaHygiene & Self-Care
Good hygiene during puberty protects your health and your confidence.Usafi mzuri wakati wa balehe unalinda afya yako na ujasiri wako.Good hygiene wakati wa puberty inalinda health yako na confidence yako.
Bathe or wash daily — sweat glands become more active during pubertyOga au nawa kila siku — tezi za jasho zinakuwa zikitengeneza zaidi wakati wa baleheOga au wash kila siku — sweat glands zinakuwa more active wakati wa puberty
Use clean underwear daily — change every dayVaa chupi safi kila siku — badilisha kila sikuVaa clean underwear kila siku — badilisha kila siku
For girls: use clean pads or sanitary cloths during menstruationKwa wasichana: tumia pedi safi au nguo za usafi wakati wa hedhiKwa wasichana: tumia clean pads au sanitary cloths wakati wa hedhi
For pimples: wash face gently twice a day — don't squeezeKwa chunusi: nawa uso kwa upole mara mbili kwa siku — usikandeKwa pimples: wash uso kwa upole mara mbili kwa siku — usikande
Dental hygiene: brush twice dailyUsafi wa meno: piga mswaki mara mbili kwa sikuDental hygiene: piga mswaki mara mbili kwa siku
💡 Girls' Menstrual Hygiene💡 Usafi wa Hedhi kwa Wasichana💡 Menstrual Hygiene kwa Wasichana Change pads every 4–6 hours. Wash hands before and after. Dispose of pads hygienically — wrap and bin. Period pain (dysmenorrhoea) is normal — if very severe, see a doctor. Badilisha pedi kila masaa 4–6. Nawa mikono kabla na baada. Tupa pedi kwa usafi — funika na tupa. Maumivu ya hedhi (dysmenorrhoea) ni ya kawaida — ikiwa ni kali sana, muone daktari. Badilisha pads kila hours 4–6. Wash mikono kabla na baada. Dispose pads kwa usafi — wrap na tupa. Period pain (dysmenorrhoea) ni normal — ikiwa ni kali sana, muone daktari.
🎬 Module VideoVideo ya ModuliModule Video
Watch carefully, then continue to the scenarios.Tazama kwa makini, kisha endelea.Watch kwa makini, kisha endelea.
🎬
Module Video
Your teacher will upload this video.Mwalimu wako ataipakia.Teacher wako ataupload.
📁 /uploads/media/adolescent-growth.mp4
🎭 Real Talk — What Would You Do?Mazungumzo ya KweliReal Talk — Ungefanya Nini?
Pick your choice and see the consequence.Chagua na uone matokeo.Chagua yako uone consequence.
Zawadi, 13, Kisumu, got her first period at school and panicked — she had not been told what to expect. A classmate noticed and whispered 'you got the curse'.Zawadi, miaka 13, Kisumu, alipata hedhi yake ya kwanza shuleni na akaogopa — hakuambiwa nini cha kutarajia. Mwanafunzi mwenzake aliona na akanong'ona 'umepata laana'.Zawadi, miaka 13, Kisumu, alipata hedhi yake ya kwanza shuleni na akapanic — hakuambiwa nini cha kutarajia. Classmate aliona na akanong'ona 'umepata curse'.
What is the most helpful response?Jibu la kusaidia zaidi ni lipi?Most helpful response ni ipi?
Menstruation is NOT a curse — it is a normal biological process. Believing myths causes shame, poor hygiene management, and school absence. Zawadi deserves accurate information, not stigma.Hedhi si LAANA — ni mchakato wa kawaida wa kibiolojia. Kuamini hadithi za uongo husababisha aibu, usimamizi mbaya wa usafi, na kutokuwepo shuleni. Zawadi anastahili habari sahihi, si unyanyapaa.Hedhi si CURSE — ni normal biological process. Kuamini myths husababisha aibu, poor hygiene management, na school absence. Zawadi anastahili accurate information, si stigma.
The school nurse explained menstruation calmly, gave Zawadi a pad, and taught her what to expect. Zawadi later started a 'period education' peer group in her class. She turned shame into strength. ✅Muuguzi wa shule alimweleza Zawadi kwa utulivu, akampa pedi, na kumfundisha nini cha kutarajia. Zawadi baadaye alianzisha kikundi cha 'elimu ya hedhi' cha rika darasani mwake. Alibadilisha aibu kuwa nguvu. ✅School nurse alimweleza Zawadi kwa utulivu, akampa pad, na kumfundisha nini cha kutarajia. Zawadi baadaye alianzisha 'period education' peer group darasani mwake. Alibadilisha aibu kuwa nguvu. ✅
Baraka, 14, Eastleigh, is teased by friends because his voice has not broken yet, while others' have. He is embarrassed and stops talking in class.Baraka, miaka 14, Eastleigh, anadhihakiwa na marafiki kwa sababu sauti yake haijapasuka bado, wakati ya wengine imepasuka. Anaaibishwa na kuacha kuzungumza darasani.Baraka, miaka 14, Eastleigh, anadhihakiwa na friends kwa sababu voice yake haijabadilika bado, wakati ya wengine imebadilika. Anaaibishwa na kuacha kuzungumza darasani.
What should Baraka understand and do?Baraka aelewe nini na afanye nini?Baraka aelewe nini na afanye nini?
There is NO fixed age for puberty. Baraka is completely normal. Internalising the teasing and going silent harms his self-esteem and learning. Myths about 'normal' puberty timing are just that — myths.Hakuna umri wa kawaida wa balehe. Baraka ni wa kawaida kabisa. Kukubali mzaha ndani yake na kukaa kimya kunaharibu kujistahi kwake na mafunzo. Hadithi za uongo kuhusu wakati wa 'kawaida' wa balehe ni hadithi tu — si ukweli.Hakuna fixed age ya puberty. Baraka ni completely normal. Ku-internalize teasing na kukaa kimya kunaharibu self-esteem yake na learning. Myths kuhusu 'normal' puberty timing ni myths tu.
Baraka talked to his biology teacher who explained that voice breaking can happen between 12 and 17 — all normal. Baraka shared this with his class. The teasing stopped and two other boys thanked him privately. ✅Baraka alizungumza na mwalimu wake wa biolojia aliyemweleza kwamba mabadiliko ya sauti yanaweza kutokea kati ya miaka 12 na 17 — yote ya kawaida. Baraka alishiriki hili na darasa lake. Mzaha ulisimama na wavulana wengine wawili walimshukuru faraghani. ✅Baraka alizungumza na biology teacher yake aliyemweleza kwamba voice breaking inaweza kutokea kati ya miaka 12 na 17 — yote ni normal. Baraka alishiriki hili na darasa lake. Teasing ilisimama na wavulana wengine wawili walimshukuru privately. ✅
Adolescence is not something to survive — it is something to thrive through.Ujana si kitu cha kupokezana — ni kitu cha kufanikiwa kupitia.Adolescence si kitu cha ku-survive — ni kitu cha ku-thrive kupitia.
Talk to a trusted adult when changes confuse or worry youZungumza na mtu mzima anayeaminiwa mabadiliko yakikuchanganya au kukusumbuaZungumza na trusted adult mabadiliko yakikuchanganya au kukusumbua
Never compare your development timeline to others'Usiwahi kulinganisha mpangilio wako wa maendeleo na wa wengineUsiwahi compare development timeline yako na ya wengine
Protect your mental health — rest, exercise, and social connection matterLinda afya yako ya akili — mapumziko, mazoezi, na uhusiano wa kijamii ni muhimuLinda mental health yako — rest, exercise, na social connection ni muhimu
Your body is changing — it is not broken, it is growingMwili wako unabadilika — haujaharibiwa, unakuaMwili wako unabadilika — haujaharibiwa, unakua
Seek accurate information — not rumours from peers or social mediaTafuta habari sahihi — si uvumi kutoka rika au mitandao ya jamiiTafuta accurate information — si rumours kutoka peers au social media
Street Talk
Ukisikia 'hawezi kuwa balehe yako — ni roho mbaya' au 'pita juu ya kaburi kupoteza chunusi' — hiyo ni upuuzi. Balehe ni biolojia, si uchawi. Zungumza na daktari au muuguzi ukiwa na wasiwasi.Ukisikia 'chunusi zitaisha ukipita juu ya kaburi' — hiyo ni upuuzi. Balehe ni biolojia, si uchawi.Ukisikia 'ni roho mbaya' au 'pita juu ya kaburi kupoteza chunusi' — hiyo ni upuuzi wa kweli. Puberty ni biology, si uchawi. Zungumza na daktari au nurse ukiwa na wasiwasi.
✍️ ReflectionTafakariReflection
1. Which physical or emotional change of adolescence has surprised you most? How have you handled it?1. Mabadiliko gani ya kimwili au kihisia ya ujana yamekushangaza zaidi? Umeyashughulikia vipi?1. Physical au emotional change gani ya adolescence imekushangaza zaidi? Umeyahandle vipi?
2. Write a short letter of advice to a 10-year-old about to enter adolescence. What THREE things would you tell them?2. Andika barua fupi ya ushauri kwa mtoto wa miaka 10 karibu na kuingia ujana. Ungembemwambia mambo MATATU gani?2. Andika short letter ya advice kwa mtoto wa miaka 10 karibu na kuingia adolescence. Ungembemwambia MAMBO MATATU gani?
✍️ My Reflection (private)✍️ Tafakari Yangu (ya siri)✍️ Mawazo Yangu (siri)
AEating too much sugarKula sukari nyingi sanaKula sukari nyingi sana
BHormones released by the brain (pituitary gland)Homoni zinazotolewa na ubongo (tezi ya pituitari)Hormones zinazotolewa na ubongo (pituitary gland)
CPeer pressureShinikizo la rikaPeer pressure
DSchool stress onlyMsongo wa shule tuSchool stress tu
3. Which is a physical change in puberty common to BOTH boys and girls?3. Kipi ni mabadiliko ya kimwili wakati wa balehe yanayoathiri wavulana NA wasichana WOTE?3. Kipi ni physical change wakati wa puberty inayoathiri wavulana NA wasichana WOTE?
AVoice breakingSauti ya kupasukaVoice ya kupasuka
BBreast developmentUkuaji wa matitiBreast development
CGrowth spurt and pubic/underarm hairUkuaji wa haraka na nywele za sehemu za siri/kwapaGrowth spurt na pubic/underarm hair
DMenstruationHedhiHedhi
4. Menstruation is:4. Hedhi ni:4. Hedhi ni:
AA disease that needs treatmentUgonjwa unaohitaji matibabuUgonjwa unaohitaji matibabu
BThe monthly shedding of the uterine lining when no egg is fertilisedKumwagika kwa kila mwezi kwa safu ya uterasi wakati mayai hayafungamaniMonthly shedding ya uterine lining wakati hakuna egg iliyofungamana
CA sign of illnessIshara ya ugonjwaIshara ya ugonjwa
DCaused by eating certain foodsHusababishwa na kula vyakula fulaniHusababishwa na kula vyakula fulani
5. Testosterone is the primary hormone responsible for:5. Testosterone ni homoni kuu inayohusika na:5. Testosterone ni primary hormone inayohusika na:
AFemale puberty changesMabadiliko ya balehe ya kikeFemale puberty changes
BMale puberty changes including voice breaking, muscle growth, facial hairMabadiliko ya balehe ya kiume ikiwemo sauti ya kupasuka, ukuaji wa misuli, nywele za usoMale puberty changes ikiwemo voice breaking, muscle growth, facial hair
CEmotional mood swings in girls onlyMabadiliko ya hisia kwa wasichana tuEmotional mood swings kwa wasichana tu
DControlling hungerKudhibiti njaaKudhibiti njaa
6. Mood swings during adolescence are mainly caused by:6. Mabadiliko ya hisia wakati wa ujana husababishwa zaidi na:6. Mood swings wakati wa adolescence husababishwa zaidi na:
ABad parentingUzazi mbayaBad parenting
BHormonal fluctuations affecting brain chemistryMabadiliko ya homoni yanayoathiri kemia ya ubongoHormonal fluctuations zinazoathiri brain chemistry
CSocial media onlyMitandao ya jamii tuSocial media tu
DPoor diet aloneLishe mbaya tuPoor diet tu
7. A healthy response to acne (pimples) during puberty is:7. Jibu zuri la chunusi wakati wa balehe ni:7. Healthy response kwa acne (pimples) wakati wa puberty ni:
ASqueezing and picking at themKukanda na kuchimba chunusiKukanda na kuchimba pimples
BFeeling deeply ashamedKuhisi aibu kubwa sanaKuhisi aibu kubwa sana
CRegular gentle washing and seeking medical advice if severeKunawa kwa upole mara kwa mara na kutafuta ushauri wa kimatibabu ikiwa ni kaliRegular gentle washing na kutafuta medical advice ikiwa ni kali
DUsing very harsh chemicalsKutumia kemikali kali sanaKutumia harsh chemicals sana
8. The identity crisis in adolescence refers to:8. Mgawanyiko wa utambulisho wakati wa ujana unarejelea:8. Identity crisis wakati wa adolescence inarejelea:
AForgetting your nameKusahau jina lakoKusahau jina lako
BThe process of exploring 'who am I?' — values, roles, and futureMchakato wa kuchunguza 'mimi ni nani?' — maadili, majukumu, na mustakabaliMchakato wa kuchunguza 'mimi ni nani?' — values, roles, na future
CA mental illnessUgonjwa wa akiliMental illness
DChanging schoolsKubadilisha shuleKubadilisha shule
9. Wet dreams (nocturnal emissions) in boys are:9. Ndoto za mvua (kutoa mbegu usiku) kwa wavulana ni:9. Wet dreams (nocturnal emissions) kwa wavulana ni:
AA sign of diseaseIshara ya ugonjwaIshara ya ugonjwa
BCaused by evil spiritsHusababishwa na pepo wabayaHusababishwa na evil spirits
CA normal part of puberty — the body's natural release of semenSehemu ya kawaida ya balehe — kutolewa kwa asili kwa mbegu za kiumeNormal part ya puberty — natural release ya mbegu za kiume
DOnly happen when someone is sickHutokea tu mtu akiwa mgonjwaHutokea tu mtu akiwa mgonjwa
10. The best support a young person can seek during adolescence is:10. Msaada bora ambao kijana anaweza kutafuta wakati wa ujana ni:10. Best support kijana anaweza kutafuta wakati wa adolescence ni:
AKeeping all changes secret and handling them aloneKushika mabadiliko yote siri na kuyashughulikia peke yakoKushika mabadiliko yote siri na kuyashughulikia peke yako
BTalking to trusted adults, peers, and healthcare workersKuzungumza na watu wazima wanaoaminiwa, rika, na wafanyakazi wa afyaKuzungumza na trusted adults, peers, na healthcare workers
CSearching only on social mediaKutafuta kwenye mitandao ya jamii tuKutafuta social media tu
DIgnoring all changesKupuuza mabadiliko yoteKupuuza mabadiliko yote
Part B: Fill Blanks — 5 marksSehemu B: Jaza NafasiPart B: Fill Blanks
1. The period of physical and psychological change between childhood and adulthood is called ______. 1. Kipindi cha mabadiliko ya kimwili na kisaikolojia kati ya utoto na utu uzima kinaitwa ______. 1. Kipindi cha physical na psychological change kati ya utoto na utu uzima kinaitwa ______.
2. The hormone primarily responsible for male puberty changes is ______. 2. Homoni inayohusika zaidi na mabadiliko ya balehe ya kiume ni ______. 2. Hormone inayohusika zaidi na male puberty changes ni ______.
3. The monthly shedding of the uterine lining is called ______. 3. Kumwagika kwa kila mwezi kwa safu ya uterasi kunaitwa ______. 3. Monthly shedding ya uterine lining inaitwa ______.
4. Oily skin and pimples during puberty are caused by increased ______ production. 4. Ngozi yenye mafuta na chunusi wakati wa balehe husababishwa na uzalishaji ulioongezeka wa ______. 4. Oily skin na pimples wakati wa puberty husababishwa na increased ______ production.
5. The process of asking 'Who am I?' during adolescence is called an identity ______. 5. Mchakato wa kuuliza 'Mimi ni nani?' wakati wa ujana unaitwa ______ ya utambulisho. 5. Mchakato wa kuuliza 'Mimi ni nani?' wakati wa adolescence unaitwa identity ______.
Part C: Short Answer — 10 marksSehemu C: Jibu FupiPart C: Short Answer
List FOUR physical changes that occur in girls during puberty (3 marks). (3 marks marks)Orodhesha mabadiliko MANNE ya kimwili yanayotokea kwa wasichana wakati wa balehe (alama 3).List mabadiliko MANNE ya kimwili yanayotokea kwa wasichana wakati wa puberty (marks 3).
Explain why mood swings are normal during adolescence and describe TWO healthy ways to manage them (4 marks). (4 marks marks)Eleza kwa nini mabadiliko ya hisia ni ya kawaida wakati wa ujana na eleza NJIA MBILI zenye afya za kuyasimamia (alama 4).Explain kwa nini mood swings ni normal wakati wa adolescence na describe NJIA MBILI healthy za kuyamanage (marks 4).
Why is it important for both boys and girls to understand menstruation? (3 marks) (3 marks marks)Kwa nini ni muhimu kwa wavulana na wasichana wote kuelewa hedhi? (alama 3)Kwa nini ni muhimu kwa wavulana na wasichana WOTE kuelewa hedhi? (marks 3)